Article by Eric Dollard — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. XLVI, No. 2, March – April 1992)

Capacitance

The phenomena of capacitance is a type of electrical energy storage in the form of a field in an enclosed space. This space is typically bounded by two parallel metallic plates or two metallic foils on an intervening insulator or dielectric. A nearly infinite variety of more complex structures can exhibit capacity, as long as a difference in electric potential exists between various areas of the structure. The oscillating coil represents one possibility as to a capacitor of more complex form, and will be presented here.

Capacitance Inadequately Explained

The perception of capacitance as used today is wholly inadequate for the proper understanding of this effect. Steinmetz mentions this in his introductory book Electric Discharges, Waves and Impulses. To quote, “Unfortunately, to large extent in dealing with dielectric fields the prehistoric conception of the electrostatic charge (electron) on the conductor still exists, and by its use destroys the analogy between the two components of the electric field, the magnetic and the dielectric, and makes the consideration of dielectric fields unnecessarily complicated.”

Lines of Force as Representation of Dielectricity

Steinmetz continues, “There is obviously no more sense in thinking of the capacity current as current which charges the conductor with a quantity of electricity, than there is of speaking of the inductance voltage as charging the conductor with a quantity of magnetism. But the latter conception, together with the notion of a quantity of magnetism, etc., has vanished since Faraday’s representation of the magnetic field by lines of force.”

The Laws of Lines of Force

All the lines of magnetic force are closed upon themselves, all dielectric lines of force terminate on conductors, but may form closed loops in electromagnetic radiation. These represent the basic laws of lines of force. It can be seen from these laws that any line of force cannot just end in space.

Faraday & Lines of Force Theory

Farady felt strongly that action at a distance is not possible thru empty space, or in other words, “matter cannot act where it is not.” He considered space pervaded with lines of force. Almost everyone is familiar with the patterns formed by iron filings around a magnet. These filings act as numerous tiny compasses and orientate themselves along the lines of force existing around the poles of the magnet. Experiment has indicated that a magnetic field does possess a fibrous construct. By passing a coil of wire thru a strong magnetic field and listening to the coil output in headphones, the experimenter will notice a scraping noise. J. J. Thompson performed further experiments involving the ionization of gases that indicate the field is not continuous but fibrous (electricity and matter, 1906).

Physical Characteristics of Lines of Force

Consider the space between poles of a magnet or capacitor as full of lines of electric force. See Fig.1. These lines of force act as a quantity of stretched and mutually repellent springs. Anyone who has pushed together the like poles of two magnets has felt this springy mass. Observe Fig.2. Notice the lines of force are more dense along AB in between poles, and that more lines on A are facing B than are projecting outwards to infinity. Consider the effect of the lines of force on A. These lines are in a state of tension and pull on A. Because more re pulling on A towards B than those pulling on A away from B, we have the phenomena of physical attraction. Now observe Fig. 3. Notice now that the poles are like rather than unlike, more or all lines pull A away from B; the phenomena of physical repulsion.

Mass Associated with Lines of Force in Motion

The line of force can be more clearly understood by representing it as a tube of force or a long thin cylinder. Maxwell presented the idea the tension of a tube of force is representative of electric force (volts/inch), and in addition to this tension, there is a medium through which these tubes pass. There exists a hydrostatic pressure against this media or ether. The value of this pressure is one half the product of dielectric and magnetic density. Then there is a pressure at right angles to an electric tube of force. If through the growth of a field the tubes of force spread sideways or in width, the broadside drag through the medium represents the magnetic reaction to growth in intensity of an electric current. However, if a tube of force is caused to move endwise, it will glide through the medium with little or no drag as little surface is offered. This possibly explains why no magnetic field is associated with certain experiments performed by Tesla involving the movement of energy with no accompanying magnetic field.

Inductance as an Analogy to Capacity

Much of the mystery surrounding the workings of capacity can be cleared by close examination of inductance and how it can give rise to dielectric phenomena. Inductance represents energy storage in space as a magnetic field. The lines of force orientate themselves in close loops surrounding the axis of current flow that has given rise to them. The large the space between this current and its images or reflections, the more energy that can be stored in the resulting field.

Mechanism of Storing Energy Magnetically

The process of pushing these lines or loops outward, causing them to stretch, represents storing energy as in rubber band. A given current strength will hold a loop of force at a given distance from conductor passing current hence no energy movement. If the flow of current increases, energy is absorbed by the field as the loops are then pushed outward at a corresponding velocity. Because energy is in motion an E.M.F. must accompany the current flow in order for it to represent power. The magnitude of this EMF exactly corresponds to the velocity of the field. Then if the current ceases changing in magnitude thereby becoming constant, no EMF accompanies it, as no power is being absorbed. However, if the current decreases and represents then a negative velocity of field as the loops contract. Because the EMF corresponds exactly to velocity it reverses polarity and thereby reverses power so it now moves out of the field and into the current. Since no power is required to maintain a field, only current, the static or stationary field, represents stored energy.

The Limits of Zero and Infinity

Many interesting features of inductance manifest themselves in the two limiting cases of trapping the energy or releasing it instantly. Since the power supply driving the current has resistance, when it is switched off the inductance drains its energy into this resistance that concerts it into the form of heat. We will assume a perfect inductor that has no self resistance. If we remove the current supply by shorting the terminals of the inductor we have isolated it without interrupting any current. Since the collapse of field produces EMF this EMF will tend to manifest. However, a short circuit will not allow an EMF to develop across it as it is zero resistance by definition. No EMF can combine with current to form power, therefore, the energy will remain in the field. Any attempt to collapse forces increased currents which pushes it right back out This is one form of storage of energy.

Instant Energy Release as Infinity

Very interesting (and dangerous) phenomena manifest themselves when the current path is interrupted, thereby causing infinite resistance to appear. In this case resistance is best represented by its inverse, conductance. The conductance is then zero. Because the current vanished instantly the field collapses at a velocity approaching that of light. As EMF is directly related to velocity of flux, i tends towards infinity. Very powerful effects are produced because the field is attempting to maintain current by producing whatever EMF required. If a considerable amount of energy exists, say several kilowatt hours* (250 KWH for lightning stroke), the ensuing discharge can produce most profound effects and can completely destroy inadequately protected apparatus.* The energy utilized by an average household in the course of one day.

Another Form of Energy Appears

Through the rapid discharge of inductance a new force field appears that reduces the rate of inductive EMF formation. This field is also represented by lines of force but these are of a different nature than those of magnetism. These lines of force are not a manifestation of current flow but of an electric compression or tension. This tension is termed voltage or potential difference.

Dielectric Energy Storage Spatially Different than Magnetic Energy Storage

Unlike magnetism the energy is forced or compressed inwards rather than outwards. Dielectric lines of force push inward into internal space and along axis, rather than pushed outward broadside to axis as in the magnetic field. Because the lines are mutually repellent certain amounts of broadside or transverse motion can be expected but the phenomena is basically longitudinal. This gives rise to an interesting paradox that will be noticed with capacity. This is that the smaller the space bounded by the conducting structure the more energy that can be stored. This is the exact opposite of magnetism. With magnetism, the units volumes of energy can be though of as working in parallel but the unit volumes of energy in association with dielectricity can be thought of as working in series.

Voltage is to Dielectricity as Current is to Magnetism

With inductance the reaction to change of field is the production of voltage. The current is proportionate to the field strength only and not velocity of field. With capacity the field is produced not by current but voltage. This voltage must be accompanied by current in order for power to exist. The reaction of capacitance to change of applied force is the production of current. The current is directly proportional to the velocity of field strength. When voltage increases a reaction current flows into capacitance and thereby energy accumulates. If voltage does not change no current flows and the capacitance stores the energy which produced the field. If the voltage decreases then the reaction current reverses and energy flows out of the dielectric field.As the voltage is withdrawn the compression within the bounded space is relieved. When the energy is fully dissipated the lines of force vanish.

Again the Limits of Zero and Infinity

Because the power supply which provided charging voltage has internal conductance, after it is switched off the current leaking through conductance drains the dielectric energy and converts it to heat. We will assume a perfect capacitance having no leak conductance. If we completely disconnect the voltage supply by open circuiting the terminals of the capacitor, no path for current flow exists by definition of an open circuit. If the field tends to expand it will tend towards the production of current. However, an open circuit will not allow the flow of current as it has zero conductance. Then any attempt towards field expansion raises the voltage which pushes the field back inwards. Therefore, energy will remain stored in the field. This energy can be drawn for use at any time. This is another form of energy storage.

Instant Energy Release as Infinity

Phenomena of enormous magnitude manifest themselves when the criteria for voltage or potential difference is instantly disrupted, as with a short circuit. The effect is analogous with the open circuit of inductive current. Because the forcing voltage is instantly withdrawn the field explodes against the bounding conductors with a velocity that may exceed light. Because the current is directly related to the velocity of field it jumps to infinity in its attempt to produce finite voltage across zero resistance. If considerable energy had resided in the dielectric force field, again let us say several KWH the resulting explosion has almost inconceivable violence and can vaporize a conductor of substantial thickness instantly. Dielectric discharges of great speed and energy represent one of the most unpleasant experiences the electrical engineer encounters in practice.

Energy Returns to Magnetic Form

The powerful currents produced by the sudden expansion of a dielectric field naturally give rise to magnetic energy. The inertia of the magnetic field limits the rise of current to a realistic value. The capacitance dumps all its energy back into the magnetic field and the whole process starts over again. The inverse of the product of magnetic storage capacity and dielectric storage capacity represents the frequency or pitch at which this energy interchange occurs. This pitch may or may not contain overtones depending on the extent of conductors bounding the energies.

Characteristic Impedance as Representation of Pulsation of Energy Field

The ratio of magnetic storage ability to that of the dielectric is called the characteristic impedance. This gives the ratio of maximum voltage to maximum current in the oscillatory structure. However, as the magnetic energy storage is outward and the dielectric storage is inward the total or double energy field pulsates in shape or size.The axis of this pulsation of force is the impedance of the system displaying oscillations and pulsation occurs at the frequency of oscillation.

Energy into Matter

As the voltage or impedance is increased the emphasis is on the inward flux. If the impedance is high and rate of change is fast enough (perfect overtone series), it would seem possible the compression of the energy would transform it into matter and the reconversion of this matter into energy may or may not synchronize with the cycle of oscillation. This is what may be considered supercapacitance, that is, stable long term conversion into matter.

Misconceptions of Present Theory of Capacitance

The misconception that capacitance is the result of accumulating electrons has seriously distorted our view of dielectric phenomena. Also the theory of the velocity of light as a limit of energy flow, while adequate for magnetic force and material velocity, limits our ability to visualize or understand certain possibilities in electric phenomena. The true workings of free space capacitance can be best illustrated by the following example. It has been previously stated that dielectric lines of force must terminate on conductors. No line of force can end in space. If we take any conductor and remove it to the most remote portion of the universe, no lines of force can extend from this electrode to other conductors. It can have no free space capacity, regardless of the size of the electrode, therefore it can store no energy. This indicates that the free space capacitance of an object is the sum mutual capacity of it to all the conducting objects of the universe.

Free Space Inductance is Infinite

Steinmetz in his book on the general or unified behavior of electricity The Theory and Calculation of Transient Electric Phenomena and Oscillation, points out that the inductance of any unit length of an isolated filamentary conductor must be infinite. Because no image currents exist to contain the magnetic field it can grow to infinite size. This large quantity of energy cannot be quickly retrieved due to the finite velocity of propagation of the magnetic field. This gives a non reactive or energy component to the inductance which is called electromagnetic radiation.

Work of Tesla, Steinmetz and Faraday

In the aforementioned books of Steinmetz he develops some rather unique equations for capacity. Tesla devoted an enormous portion of his efforts to dielectric phenomena and made numerous remarkable discoveries in this area. Much of this work is yet to be fully uncovered. It is my contention that the phenomena of dielectricity is wide open for profound discovery. It is ironic that we have abandoned the lines of force concept associated with a phenomena measure in the units called farads after Faraday, whose insight into forces and fields has led to the possibility of visualization of the electrical phenomena.

Question as to the Velocity of Dielectric Flux

It has been stated that all magnetic lines of force must be closed upon themselves, and that all dielectric lines of force must terminate upon a conducting surface. It can be inferred from these two basic laws that no line of force can terminate in free space. This created an interesting question as to the state of dielectric flux lines before the field has had time to propagate to the neutral conductor. During this time it would seem that the lines of force, not having reached the distant neutral conductor would end in space at their advancing wave front. It could be concluded that either the lines of force propagate instantly or always exists and are modified or conjugate space exists within the same boundaries as ordinary space. The properties of lines of force within this conjugate space may not obey the laws of normally conceived space.

REFERENCE MATERIAL

1. Electricity and Matter, J. J. Thompson, New York, l906, Scribner’s Sons, and l904, Yale University.
2. Elementary Lecture on Electric Discharges, Waves, and Impulses and other Transients, C. P. Steinmetz, second edition, 1914, McGraw-Hill.
3. Theory and Calculation of Transient Electric Phenomena and Oscillations, C. P. Steinmetz, third edition, l920, McGraw-Hill. Section III Transients in Space, Chapter VIII, Velocity of Propagation of Electric Field.

Article by Gerry Vassilatos — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 53, No. 2, 2nd Quarter 1997)

Drawing Usable Electrical Power from Aurora Borealis

“Swift chases through the silent slipp’ry wind,
in transient moods of soft and perfumed light.
Resplendent in a gown of gossamer,
Aurora sighs, and lights her lamps again tonight.”

IN two previous articles we have chronicled somewhat of the history and development of “earth batteries”. But an equally fascinating, though oppositely directed study, involves the historical develop- ment of the “aerial battery”. This remarkable invention, along with her earth-bound brother, also occupies a thoroughly extensive bibliography.

Certainly, the Aerial Battery merits an in-depth account of its noteworthy achievements. But her fair origins do not begin with the study of electricity, or indeed the past millennium. Facts which indicate the easily accessible Auroral Energy are plentiful. The road toward properly comprehending the technological regime which could make use of that unfathomable energy requires a slight historical digression.

Throughout this article, we will present evidence that the Aurora not only has sufficient power to drive the grinding wheels of industry, but has already demonstrated its ability to do so in several remarkable, but forgotten, experimental episodes of the last Century. We will present theoretical projections, considerations which support the notion that energy may be obtained from the Aurora Borealis in stupendous quantities.

A discussion of the practical requirements toward this goal, along with the fundamental components necessary toward constructing an Auroral Power Accumulator will be shared. In addition, we will give strong evidence that certain contemporary projects, stationed in the Active Auroral Zone, are already testing such components.

LIGHTNING RODS

It was the preoccupation with certain deadly “electrical” currents which spawned our present technology. The subsequent electrical science produced a simple tautology which has kept society helplessly bound to itself. The dependence on electrical machines to drive all of our industry, and the social addiction to electrical power, are only two aspects of this threefold cord. The third strand in the intolerable tide is that which closes the minds of experimenters to the great host of pre-electrical energies, the very deepest bondage of all.

Having thus set the world-stage for a new power demand, inventors began everywhere to investigate and develop new electrical generators, new electric modalities, and electric utilities. As the demand for greater and greater electrical power increased with the year, certain more intuitive minds began casting their scientific attentions toward Nature, in hopes of deriving a more direct electrical source from the more environmental energy reservoirs. The “free electrical energy”, so obviously plentiful throughout Nature, removed the necessity for burning endless supplies of fossil fuel. The financial motivations contributing to the pursuit of these objectives was so alluring, so compelling, that a group of inspired researchers began to search out those natural haunts where electrical energies were most strongly manifest.

The discovery that an elevated terminal could produce endless sparks spawned the first inventive wave of what later became known to patentees as “Aerial Batteries”. The development of aerial batteries, more properly categorized as “aerial receivers” of natural electricity, began with the development of lightning rods and lightning protection systems.

For pioneers and settlers in the New World, lightning was a deadly threat. The opening of western lands in America promoted a veritable market in Lightning Rods, a fact which was humorously treated in a short story by Herman Melville entitled, “The Lightning Rod Man”. Toward the solution to this problem, a great many American inventors turned their prodigious skills.

Lightning Rod patents Hood the patent archives, a magnificent assortment of remarkable designs. Recall that the sealing of these designs by patent were first predicated on the operative success of each system. Before such designs received official license for manufacture, each had to be tested in a “live” setting. Each such design had to prove its effectiveness in protecting against the rogue behaviors of lightning discharges. A grand variety of remarkable lightning rods were tested through the roughest of storm conditions, an awe-inspiring method.

This meant that each prospective design had to be tested in some appropriate location, the results witnessed by officials. Heavy wooden blocks formed the lightning rod test mounts, each design well placed on the tops of ridges or rocky peaks. Storms gathered, a shower of lightning blasts assailed the mount, and the shrapnel of inferior rods were tossed aside. The method was direct enough. Only those capable of withstanding the blast were granted patent.

On occasion, certain lightning rod inventors found that their designs, and the systems to which they were connected, remained curiously “charged”. One particular inventor, J. S. Bryan, developed and patented a series of both “aerial” and “earth” batteries in this regard. Careful examination of his working patents reveals a host of anomalies. The patent texts describe electrical charging phenomena which remain as yet, unknown in the science of electrodynamics. His use of magnetic induction coils, in the reception and transformation of ground-derived currents, is completely unfamiliar.

Patents such as those of Bryan helped stimulate awareness of the numerous different electrical power potentials throughout the natural environment. Being passive accumulators, these systems relied on the surplus of natural electrical reservoirs for their supply.

AERIAL BATTERIES

The early wireless experimenter, Dr. Mahlon Loomis, proved it possible to exchange telegraphic signals across twenty miles of mountainous space, entirely without artificial electrical supply (1862). Dr. Loomis conceived of an upper electrical stratum which bathed the stratosphere, a theoretical view which was based on the work of Franklin. Utilizing the free electrical potentials which were available in the upper aerial strata, Loomis proved the wireless exchange of signals “by aerial conduction” alone.

While this view of Loomis offered explanation for many aerial electric phenomena, it was later found that the presence of electrical currents was not limited to upper atmospheric regions. The work of several experimenters proved that electric currents flooded every part of the aerial stratum immediately above the ground. In this regard, many individuals began discovering that power, tremendous power, could be obtained by the use of special “electrical collectors”. The inventors of aerial collectors each empirically discovered easily exploited phenomena by which it was possible to draw electricity from the environment. Various systems for the methodic accumulation and storage of the “atmospheric current” are represented in the patent archives (Vril Compendium Volume 1).

The “Electric Apparatus” of H.C. Vion (1860) precedes the work of Loomis by several years. This system obtained sufficient natural electricity for use in real Industrial Applications. His most powerful embodiments were exceedingly long metallic screens, well insulated from the mountain ridges on which they were placed. These screen collectors were interspersed by very tall metallic masts, also well insulated. Each were sharpened and placed so as to protrude into the mountain air. The electrical accumulators of Vion brought in a prodigious and dangerous supply of usable electric current. In his words, the system represented “an electrical pile of considerable strength”.

A truly remarkable device, perfected and patented by W. H. Ward (1872), realized an atmospheric discovery of enormous importance. Taking the bizarre form of a very large funnel-like turret, the Ward towers were placed atop very tall mountain ridges. The entire upper portion of each such turret was designed to turn, and (as stated in the patent text) “intercept aerial currents of electricity”. The Ward funnels engorged tremendous volumes of these natural electrified currents, which are apparently available in huge and unlimited quantities at high elevations.

In current terminology, we might refer to these natural electric currents as “cold ion currents”, which in all likelihood accompany enormous aerial rivers of water vapor. Coursing every second above us, these vaporous rivers of charge represent a far better energy potential than wind power alone. The Ward system was used to supply power for telegraphic and telephonic systems, and proves the existence of previously unsuspected electrical rivers. Coursing through the natural environment just at or above sea level, they represent yet another untapped reservoir of natural electricity.

M. Dewey (1889) raised a very tall wooden mast, fitted with a large and multi-spiked capacitor hood. Dewey also employed radioactive minerals to lessen the required absorptive potentials of his absorber. With this tower, in fair weather, he drew off sufficient electrical power to run motors and charge storage batteries.

Dr. M. A. Veeder, a scientific investigator, spent the better part of half a century correlating terrestrial charge processes directly with the solar condition. His numerous works, favored by Tesla, detailed the high correlations between solar activity and thunderstorms. Veeder understood that the geophysical process, through which both fair and foul weather electrostatic energy was developed, was therefore directly linked with Auroral conditions.

Dr. Veeder inferred that solar charging of the earth occurred at the poles, and once absorbed into the rocky matter of earth, was literally leaked away through the atmosphere into space. He studied the Zodiacal Glow, the persistent luminosity which he believed was the escaping terrestrial charge. Therefore, in this view, Aerial Accumulators relied on Auroral activity; a process which was entirely dependent on inflowing solar charges.

Absorbed and conducted throughout the earth, any well-grounded elevated capacity would flow with energy. The problem was how to use this electrostatic energy. Charging capacitors and storage batteries became the modality of choice. Others discovered truly anomalous transforming principles in this regard, the static influx being found capable of operating transformers.

Later accumulator designs utilized metallic-studded balloons, apparatus capable of bringing in a very powerful surge of aerial current (Palinscar 1901, Pennock 1909). These extremely elevated accumulators actually required lightning arresters to limit their sudden “fair weather” surges. The Plausen aerial accumulator featured a special capacitance transformer, where flowing dielectricity was systematically converted into ponderable electric charges. This system was designed to charge large storage batteries and otherwise supply power for industrial applications.

There is repetitious proof that aerial accumulators comprise an enormous historical bibliography, and have a great number of recent invention entries. Despite their overwhelming success in providing significant quantities of electrical power, the aerial accumulators were systems whose true potentials were never fully appreciated or realized in their day. Some analysts have pointed out that these accumulators required large system volumes in order to yield their output minimum. Proportional increases in system volume therefore produce a somewhat fixed power output.

Turn of the Century passive aerial accumulators demonstrated their worth as viable electrical sources for industry. Their spartan and environmentally coupled placement offers no more inconvenience to planners than the large and costly requirements of solar mirror arrays yet being tested. Indeed, most aerial accumulators were capable of producing steady power outputs, with peak outputs above those obtained from modem photovoltaic systems. It is because of their constant power output that these accumulators are yet easily able to exceed the dismal potential of any large solar panel array.

A continuing number of experimenters have used simple variations of these “passive” aerial accumulator designs to obtain enormous volumes of free electrical charge throughout the last four decades. So much excess “fair weather” power was obtained from a Swiss Alpine grid assembly, that sudden surges of energy often discharged from the main conductor bus. An unexpected power surge tragically killed one of the principle designers of this system.

If we yet consider aerial electrostatic accumulators, we will find a forgotten power source ready for use. Indeed, for industrial applications such systems have more than proven their tremendous efficiency. Demonstrations of these systems before highly credible academic witnesses have always produced spectacularly successful results.

It was through the arduous labors of private experimenters that these wonderful developments have been fixed in history. They leave their legacy throughout the last one hundred years of patent registrations. But, the wonderful developments and patents in this research realm do not adequately represent the final and most stunning technical feat. Indeed, a mysterious and unexpected regime of high-power accumulator systems subsequently emerged from the work of those who perfected passive accumulator experiments. The stunning feats, which we must now recount, were the result of exotic explorations in aerial accumulators… in trans-Arctic regions.

“Appearance in the sky near Nuremberg during the night of the 5th October 1591″ by Drechsel Wolf

ELECTRICAL SKIES

Those who began their work in electrostatic accumulators first probed the sky from mountain series, the most likely place to intercept “aerial electricity”. Loomis theorized the existence of an “atmospheric charge ocean” on the simple evidence provided by the most ordinary observation. It was clear that the sky was awash in electrical energy. Observations with gold-leaf electroscopes proved the existence of potent electrostatic fields even in fair weather.

As Galvani had described, experimenters observed the complete reversal of charges and fields during stormy-conditions, a phenomenon which was interpreted as evidence of vital energy concentrations and dispersions by Dr. Galvani. The high alpine placement of accumulating screens and wire grids revealed the powerful persistence of stratospheric charge rivers, vaporous charge currents which betrayed their otherwise secret passage at much lower elevations.

But the intriguing facts concerning high alpine conditions gave promise that aerial accumulator stations would soon relieve regional industrial power burdens, possibly in place of some hydroelectric generators. In this view, several prominent developers selected mountain precipices and alpine ridges and discovered the secrets of “aerial electrical rivers”. Obtaining great advantage over the low altitude apparatus of previous experimenters, these developers successfully harvested enough power to run small mills, as well as telegraph and telephone systems.

This experimental foray had its participants scattered in a wide world distribution. A few European experimenters made an astounding discovery when their systems were placed, not only at high elevations, but in higher latitude locations. The combination of these two factors gave exponential magnifications of accumulated power, far in excess of that expected by the simple arithmetic volume increase of the tested systems.

When placed in the alpine elevations of trans-Arctic lands, the new aerial accumulators literally dwarfed the outputs of all previous recorded power potentials. Making power comparisons of these high altitude systems, both European and North American experimenters realized that the exponential power increase was directly proportional to North Polar proximity. There was little argumentation concerning the true source of electrical power in these locales. In the cold northern nights, the mysterious empowering agency was everywhere to be seen.

“It seemed to me as if the very doors of heaven have been opened tonight. So mighty, and beauteous, and marvelous were the waves of golden light that a few moments ago swept across the azure deep, breaking forth anon into floods of wondrous glory… THE WORLD IS ON FIRE!”

While off the coast of Baffin Island in 1861, explorer Charles Francis Hall exclaimed these very words. The penetrating effect of the Aurora Borealis rarely failed to shake the most hardened adventurer into soaring and lovely poetic flights. Those who visited the regions of night were not strong enough to resist the majestic beauty and eternal voice of the Aurora, even against the severe warnings of their Eskimo guides. While European adventurers remained thoroughly awestruck at the sight of the mystifying aerial displays, Eskimo elders warned their white visitors to beware of the tempting luminous presence. But why? What did the Eskimo so fear? We will see that the fears of the Eskimo have greatest bearing on our present scientific discussion, a surprising key toward comprehending certain modem technological developments.

ACTIVE AURORAL ZONE

“The dance unfurls in violet rhapsodies,
now swift, her veil’d replies in red and gold,
whilst singing crystal stars of white attend
upon aeonian harps, the hymns of old.”

The Aurora has spoken deep into the hearts of each of its enthralled witnesses. But the people who are known as the Gwichin clan do not wonder over the lights with equal naive fascination as did their European visitors. The Gwichin, who live in the Canadian Northwest Territory, do not perceive beauty, wonder, or glory in the Auroral lights. They yet perceive death in the Aurora. Closer attention to the words of the aged and well-experienced Inuit clansmen brings startling scientific realizations from ancient legendary. The account, while forming the core of countless anthropological theses, brought certain Nineteenth Century Europeans ever toward the Polar wastelands with specific scientific intentions. For the most northern wanderers, time flows along with few fixed mileposts. Ice flows, seas flow, fish and seals flow, and the Aurora flows. In the barren Northern landscape of snow, ice, and water, there are no other portents save those which ripple across the sky.

Eskimo tribes of the far north, those who hunted nearly as far as the Pole itself, had fewer apprehensions of the Auroral energies than their brethren below the Arctic Circle. But why had the Gwichin developed a mythology which so feared and abhorred the Aurora? How did the aerial rivers of light, which Inuit clans to the further north honor as “sacred roads”, become in the Northwest territory the very embodiment of evil? What so separated the mythological themes of these related peoples?

Clans such as the Gwichin, who occupied lands within the Active Auroral Zone, have long known that the Aurora represents a hazard of the most alien and awesome kind. Among their traditional mythologies and habits, one finds ample evidence that the Aurora itself with too great regularity, literally touches and “walks along” the earth. In this fact alone, we comprehend the preoccupation of geophysical research teams who frequent these lands. This pattern of danger becomes increasingly clarified, especially when we consider the myths of clans like the Gwichin.

Perhaps the difference in mythologies has much to do with the behavior of the Aurora Borealis along and above the Arctic Circle. The mappable band, which runs around the North Magnetic Pole, is the peak power Auroral Zone. Along this track, one experiences the most powerful Auroral expressions, manifestations which occur on a continual basis throughout the year. Therefore we find that, further north, the Aurora loses its fearsome aspects. The mythology of the Eskimo who frequent these regions clearly reflect this benign nature. For the Pole-wandering Inuit the Aurora is, with the exception of a few rare “horror tales”, an oracle of divination which they regularly observe and enjoy.

MYTHS OF THE ESKIMO

“She sweeps, with cunning envies and deceits,
well cloaked. In glowering sweet and flimmering guise,
she mocks the rose in shades of rosy dawn,
and steals the love of lovers from their eyes.”

Inuit clans who occupy the Active Auroral Zone are those who experience the most powerful Auroral manifestations. They are the ones who especially avoid the lights for good reason. As often as severe Auroral displays occur, these people retreat into the safety of their huts, and do not venture out unless the lights diminish considerably in strength. Have Auroral columns indeed, in their hideous power, literally “walked along the ground”?

European interpreters thought the notion of a ground-walking Auroral stream quite imaginary and mythological, until they visited the alpine lands which lie just on the Arctic Circle. Certain Inuit legends of this defined Auroral zone clearly tell a tale of fear: “When the Aurora falls, when it runs close to man, the mind goes mad.”

“Once there was a young boy who whistled down the lights… and was driven insane when he was suddenly surrounded by the bright, dancing evil spirits from the sky.”

Those unfortunates who are “caught by the light”, often lose their minds. In the warnings of Inuit elders, some captives of the Aurora do not regain their sanity. In other accounts, clan members have been known to lose their eyesight “when approached and touched by the walking lights”. Yet others become permanently paralyzed by identical encounters.

So distinct are these latitude restricted myths that we take note of the most extreme variety: myths which have a singularly macabre theme. Gwichin elders warn children “never to entertain the tempting lights . . . do not sing or whistle to them . . . be silent; be swift run and hide . . . lest they come down after you”. If these Inuit myths abound, very precisely describing the manner in which Auroral columns are attracted to song and melody, with hideous consequences for those who successfully attract them.

The real instances, where clan members are “caught by the evil spirit lights” and abducted, describe grisly scenarios. The Gwichin tell of those who have been suddenly surrounded with “the evil flickering spirits”, and who are later found in the snow, burned to cinders. In these stories of history, the elders retell actual events in which the Aurora literally touched ground and flowed without restriction. The warnings inherent in the tales are not simply to frighten but are intended to instruct. Apparently, Gwichin clan members have experienced the full power of the ground walking Aurora.

Perhaps the most frightening of all the tales is the one whose theme tells the exact process of execution by which the evil spirits sadistically murder their lonely victims. The Eskimo stories are very clear about the manner in which unfortunate Auroral victims are “struck” and killed, a process by which victims are literally “decapitated” by the evil lights. These tales tell how the wandering Auroral spirits “suddenly strike their victims . . . bending them backward until they die”. Once struck and bent backward, the victims are often incinerated, while the evil spirits “celebrate” the colored columns becoming brilliant in their intensity about the charred remains.

Grotesque and unscientific? Though clouded by centuries of superstitious retelling, each of these horror stories describes a reality with which we are completely unfamiliar. Their continuing story record tells of fatal Auroral encounters. How the “walking Aurora” has maimed and killed clan members throughout this century is a matter of great dread for the Gwichin, who have embellished these witnessed accounts with the ornaments of myth. The incidents which they recount provide the very heart of our discussion on Auroral Power.

Drawing of an aurora in Fridtjof Nansen’s In Northern Mists (1911)

AURORAL SOUNDS

“False glances shimmer on the soaring sky,
in jealous green, or virtuous gold to play.
Now winsome sighs, then seized in passionate fires,
Aurora cloaks her cold desires, and turns away.”

For those who find the Gwichin tales completely untenable, there stand the scores of “more credible” and “more European” witnesses which flood the literature. Local citizens and academicians alike have had dangerous Auroral encounters within the active Auroral zone, and provide a database which should hold greater esteem among our astringent academic readership. Once recognizing the sheer power involved in the displays, scientists manifested an intriguing psychopathy. So great is the apprehension of the experience that doubt becomes the only protective measure. But even these doubting projections of fear did not keep scientific observers from observing and even experiencing the phenomena represented in Inuit mythologies.

Truly awe inspiring accounts may be found throughout the scholarly scientific journals, accounts of instances when the Aurora literally “descended” and “wandered freely” in full view of credible witnesses. When such streamers reach just above or even into the ground in full view, the greatest sense of awe has left the watchers spellbound. These even are experienced in a very narrow latitude band, just symmetrically disposed about the Arctic Circle, and Gwichin lands fall into this zone where the Aurora flows.

According to the tales, the first manifestations of danger involve phenomena with which fretful academes so struggle. The “sound of the Aurora”, a great puzzlement for most scientific theorists, especially forms a core of contention among those who claim the experience. It is in this manifestation that the potential power of the Aurora first becomes more tangible to human experience. The Aurora “sizzles… crackles… whispers…hisses… rustles”.

Henri Becquerel (1871) presented evidence that Paul Rollier, a celebrated balloonist, indeed encountered an Auroral streamer while in the air. While descending toward Mount Ide in Norway, and yet at some 1300 meters above sea level, Rollier saw Auroral rays through a thin luminous mist. He then heard a “low roaring sound”. Almost instantly, Rollier smelled “a suffocating sulfurous odor”. The description indicates how narrowly Monsieur Rollier risked losing his life while passing through this deeply groundward penetrating Aurora.

Though highly credible observers have heard “a swishing sound” while observing highly mobile arrays of “dancing colored streamers” (1901), academicians have claimed these sounds to be a ridiculous assortment of confabulations. Citing the fact that Aurora occur at elevations of 100 kilometers, they miss the central fact that Auroral sounds occur simultaneously with the Auroral movements. This cannot, in their view, be an accurate assessment. But what this remarkable assertion actually represents is a misinterpreted discovery of great import, for the Auroras which produce these “instantaneous sounds” are therefore much closer to ground than most suppose. And if they are the result of physioelectric inductions, as some have theorized, then their intensity is all the greater – and more dangerous – at these proximities.

C.S. Beals, a geophysicist collected a great number of these accounts (1924). Researcher, Hans S. Jelstrup, along with his technician, noticed the faint whistling sounds of an Auroral display. The undulating whistles followed exactly those visual vibrations of the Aurora, the two scientific observers heard the sounds for a full ten minutes. In 1933, a group of explorers stopped the sleds on which they rode to watch a particularly beautiful and dense flowing Auroral display. While intently gazing on the powerful aerial spectacle in a two thousand foot mountain valley, the whole party distinctly heard the jet-like sounds of each Auroral surge. At times, the smooth jet sounds gave way to a distinct “crackling”. Numerous such accounts till the journals, and are certainly not the sole proof that the Aurora can induce enormously energetic responses in the earth beneath them.

MOUNTAIN GLOW

Those who study the geophysics of ground-induced currents have long recognized that Auroral surges can produce sizable magnetic, electrostatic, and electrodynamic disturbances in sufficiently conductive ground bodies. Measurement of induced geomagnetic fluctuations were early observed, especially by mariners. The inductive strength of supposed ephemeral sky light displays was clearly demonstrated, as they watched the wild movements of their magnetic compasses during Auroral storms. Physicists understood early that Auroral currents fluctuated in tremendous magnetic energy. Any supposed ephemeral light which was able to derange a marine compass at sea level had to carry tremendous energy.

But the Aurora has also induced electrical currents in telegraph and telephone lines, the result of magnetic inductions. Telegraph operators of the mid-to-late Nineteenth Century observed the induction of strong electrical surges in lines which were disposed along east-west orientations. As only very small electrical surges were observed in the lines of north-south orientation, it was concluded that the Auroral induction effect in these wires was purely magnetic in nature. This phenomenon gave rise to increasing induced electrical strengths with proximity to the Auroral Active Zone. The subsequent literal electrocution of certain telegraph operators during Auroral storms was yet another evidence that the Auroral lights contained tremendous power. Certain inventors sought patents on schemes whereby such induction energy could be harnessed. The single requirement of each system was placement within the Auroral Active Zone.

There have been numerous contemporary instances where the flickering Aurora has induced electrical currents of an extreme order. The Alaskan Pipeline was carefully designed to withstand the potential Kiloampere currents which have been measured during Auroral events within the Active Zone. The careful welding of each pipe determined the overall safety of those working near the lines. It was well known that potential spark-induced explosions of flowing oil could occur if these welds sustained even small inconsistencies or breaks. In consideration of these energetic extremes, even electrical power-lines within the Active Zone are carefully designed to withstand the peak surges which are legendary in those northern regions. Engineers have measured these incredible surges, the result of magneto-induction effect along east-west power-line sections.

But there are those effects which exceed even these magneto-induction currents, effects which are entirely electrostatic in nature. The more conventionally astute scientific models do not admit the possibility that Auroral pressures can induce or evoke powerful responses from the grounds beneath their active focus. Nevertheless, strong and mysterious luminal displays have been observed from the ground and upward toward the Auroral lights.

Most of the phenomena to which we call attention are often observed on highly elevated mountain ranges, and are especially observed upon those rocky peaks which lie in the extreme north or southern regions of the world. The reports hail from both the Central Alps of Europe, as well as the highest ridges of the Andes. Witnessed with respect to the Aurora are the strange “mountain glows” and “searchlight” displays which rise to meet the faintly downward thrusting Aurora. A familiar, but misunderstood phenomenon in these regions, there are those who would strongly suggest that these upward light discharges cannot possibly be the result of Auroral induction effects. Yet the facts stand, the observations of credible witnesses have consistently confirmed the effects.

The effects of thrusting Auroral energy produce luminous effects everywhere on earth. Indeed, there are sometimes strong “mountain glow” phenomena in locations which stretch away from the Active Zone, a violation of the expected rule.

SEARCHLIGHT PHENOMENA

“Now whirling through a shimm‘ring curtained sea,
in vap’rous throes, her lustrous curving wing
enrages thunders and capricious glares;
lets drip a fiery jewel instead, from off her ring.”

Mountain glow represents a more persistent charging of the ground, while searchlight phenomena represent the more sudden or impulsive discharges which the earth yields to downward Auroral thrusts. It is not difficult to understand that Auroral surges represent an energetic addition to the geophysical energy balance. Downward Auroral thrusts not only influence the prevalent free charges in the ground, but they gradually seep into the rocky earth as a result of atmospheric ionizations.

Being a process, engaged since the atmosphere was formed, it is not also inconceivable that the total energetic sum of the terrestrial reservoir is constantly being increased with each Auroral thrust. The charge reservoir within the ground behaves with the Auroral electrostatic influences exactly as it does during lightning storms. In cases where the mountain glow is observed in absolutely clear night skies, one is otherwise hard-pressed to imagine a better explanation. These mountain glows represent the distant, possibly world-extensive response, to charge supplying Auroral thrusts which occur in Active Zones near each pole.

The Auroras, themselves, therefore need not be literally seen in all cases, although a great many such events do record faint whitish streaks across the sky. Mountains thus energized often “burst” with glowing electrical currents. These can produce “Searchlight” displays or produce considerable discomfort and fear among climbing expeditions.

Undulating “searchlight columns” have been seen emerging from mountains on Spitzbergen island, despite the crystal clarity of night (1868). The pale wandering light “Heated along the mountain”. Mount Galena, in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland, became suddenly illuminated with an intense phosphorescent light. Flashes of varying colored light were seen by mountain climbers on the Swiss Alps (1903). The upward column of light shuddered without thunder, and “greatly resembled the Aurora Borealis”. No Aurora was actually seen overhead.

On the same mountain range, the “quivering column of light” was seen again (1911). Observers declared its attributes in every way identical with the Aurora Borealis which had been “observed in Scotland”. The observers actually stated surprise at this manifestation at a much lower latitude. But how far toward the equator can the Aurora induce an upward streamer?

In 1929, light flares were observed on Pike’s Peak, in Colorado. In Massachusetts, Mount Wachusett became completely covered with a violet glow (1937). Tingling sensations were strongly felt during the manifestation.

The historical records tell of instances in which the downthrusting Auroral agency is seen, and the response from earth toward the heavens becomes equally visible. Thus when a brilliant green Auroral Arch reached down across the horizon, several persons witnessed an accompanying green glow which “rose up from Mount Adams”. This event occurred in New Hampshire, a. region which lies to the far south of the Active Zone, but which nonetheless has occasionally been witness to the Aurora] streamers (1941).

These bursting phenomena occur in latitudes which some imagine are too far from either Pole to be caused by Auroral surges. Nevertheless, there are repetitious observances of strong searchlights emerging from the Andean Range.

Despite the clarity of night skies in the Andes, and in the absolute absence of cloud cover there, several witnesses observed an astoundingly intense searchlight manifestation. They reported “tall fiery columns shooting skyward from a great number of peaks” (1906). The effect occurred “in bursts… greatly resembling the beams of a great searchlight”. The colors varied during the display, shifting from green to yellow, and (on rare occasions) to red.

The identical phenomenon has been repeatedly observed (1912), and reaches great strengths. This color shift seems to indicate the presence of undetected Auroral activity. The Andean manifestation of Auroral induction effects is undoubtedly a phenomenon which, though largely unobserved and unreported, continues through the years. The continual columnar flashing from various Andean peaks was again seen in 1950. According to the principle witness, this display grew in both frequency and intensity, and continued long after midnight Reports also indicate that the phenomenon is often directed toward the ocean, which lies to the west of the Cordillera Real.

On the island of Madeira (1954), several individuals observed a continuous flashing of brilliant white light from various mountain peaks. A low rumbling sound was heard. Nota cloud was in the sky. Undoubtedly, these Auroral-response phenomena require mountainous altitudes. In all likelihood, the mountain peaks serve as focusing conductors for the launching of these luminal discharges. Not all the discharges are strictly electrical in nature, a topic well discussed by Reichenbach, Tesla, Reich, and others.

The impulsive searchlight phenomena do, on occasion, resolve into more frightening dense charge manifestations. The clarity of visibility on Mont Blanc did not prevent the manifestation of stinging electrical discharges. While climbing on several ridges, climbers felt the stinging and burning effects of electrostatic charge. These crags were strongly charged with static electricity to the great consternation of the endangered climbers (1854).

These phenomena have neither been preceded or followed by winds, rain, or thunderstorm activity. These charge effects represent enormous volumes of power, lasting for many hours. Barring the Auroral induction mechanism, geophysicists have been at a loss to explain the actual supply of such discharge energies. Certain similar events, however, have been strongly correlated with distant Auroral induction effects (H. de Saussure, 1865).

Mountain climbers have regularly reported instances of “mountain bourdonnement”, the “ringing resonance” of mountain rock under peculiar kinds of electrical stress. This “resonance” occurs when mountains become strangely and unexpectedly charged with enormous volumes of current, a probable piezoelectric phenomenon on a massive scale.

Other report tell of instances when electrostatic corona and accompanying lightning superbolts have trapped climbers in caves for hours on end. So great is the energetic expulsion during such events that significant anomalies are almost always reported. Thus, we find that strange electrifications persist while climbers are securely and deeply recessed within large mountain caverns, a violation of the Faraday Cage principle.

The death knell has struck. Wave Radio is dead. How have 70 years of Military Research succeeded in producing a completely new and superior communications technology? Radio History gives a stranger walk than paranoid writers ever tell! While citizens were watching television, military research was directed to create an amazing radiation technology far in advance of any system known. Currently and routinely utilized, it has remained a well guarded “open secret” for decades. Discover why is it obvious that neither military nor private developers have yet successfully duplicated Tesla technology.

• Who was John Hettinger, and how were his early beam power systems modified through radar technology into ray beam weapons?
• What was Project Argus? Project Teak? Project Orange? Learn about the frightful characteristics of EMP phenomena, and how these were employed in a strange and deadly technology. Why was a High Command request to employ EMP weaponry in the recent Gulf War denied?
• Not a weapon, not a psychotronics system, not a weather modifier, why is HAARP NOT the program which so many have claimed? Why can the IRI never achieve the objectives cited by a few authors? Learn about the real motivations so powerfully at work in Conspiracy Writers, and why they are not equipped to crack the secret of HAARP. Why are the Eastlund Patents not relevant to HAARP, and why has Raytheon continued to collect every HAARP relevant patent for several years? What is the “merchandise” which HAARP promises to yield?
• How were X-Rays used to detect underground movements? How were Gamma Rays routinely used in communicating from submarines to command headquarters via military satellites?

Facts quell hysteria, but Truth is stranger than fiction. Want the answers? This complete technical history of military projects will show the development of every relevant project preceding and exceeding HAARP. Only the facts. No hysteria. Complete with communications and weapons patent citations, this book will forever change your view of world events and technology.

Available now through the Borderland Sciences Research Catalog.

Article by Gerry Vassilatos — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 52, No. 3, 3rd Quarter 1996). And, yes, all images used in this article are courtesy HAARP Home Page.

What is the Ionospheric Research Instrument?

Much concern has recently been focused upon the military project known as HAARP, a technological monstrosity which for some researchers seemingly resists all serious attempts at analyzing its true purpose. By its many morbid conspiratorial devotees, HAARP has been called the very apex of Twentieth Century military technology. Familiarity with technologies such as HAARP does not mean a simple survey of available conspiracy type publications. The recent release of military statements, largely disseminated to intellectual curiosity seekers through the INTERNET, is a thorough and full disclosure of the technology. Of course, one will read through these with a watchful eye. Nevertheless, the HAARP photographs reveal a startling and contradictory evidence to statements which habitually surround the topic. HAARP is a secret project, but it has nothing to do with those applications recently described in a, popular bestseller. While discussing aspects of the scientific hardware, which have not to my knowledge been elucidated, my single most important theme focuses attention upon the deeply entrenched directives ruling the financial world.

Incomplete understanding has provoked such degrees of fear that many name HAARP as the very tool by which the world will be destroyed. Excessive sentiments of this kind evidence a growing hopelessness. Amid a world filled with the curious apathy which closely shadows affluence, there exist those whose only joy is found in morbid inspections of doom. Retrospective study reveals that previous episodes of the tumultuous Twentieth Century have released similar openly fearful expressions. Each new technological expression has had its attendant commentary of doom. The recent proliferation of fear and hysteria is perhaps the externalization of so many internal conflicts seeking expression. It is peculiar that, in so many similar historic episodes, fear of doom attaches itself so readily and so deceptively on the works of technology rather than on their true source. Technology is the projection of deeper principles. As regards the negative aspects of human consciousness, it is always easier to point blame at something external.

A populace whose innermost awarenesses are just being aroused to seek personal meaning comprise a formidable host. A society whose government has so striven to remove the natural drive for personal expression is now confronted with an army of citizens who operate in the intellectual spheres. The civilian recognizes why government actions are so ruthless. Those who dictate government policies are not politicians at all, they are old dynastic personalities. The super-privileged rule the land, government obeys their dictations to the stroke. Military is employed to enforce the commands which the money holders demand. Civilians become victims of merciless military actions when the truth is out. It is important for us to understand the restructured nature of our republic. Having been suborned to operate as a bureaucracy for the dictates of a few, we have been prevented from realizing the natural development of discovery and wonder, the providential gifts. Those who enjoy super privilege do so only at the expense of the entire populace. The dream of one or two becomes the servitude of one or two hundred million.

ANSWERS

How proficient are the writers of conspiracy themes? Hysteria is the chaos of ignorance. HAARP and its other brethren projects are not recent developments. They are the most recent representatives in a research effort whose history stretches out before the last Century. Before we presume to dissect and interpret HAARP, we require historical familiarity with the documented hardware, phenomena, and original rationale for the deployment of these projects. Containing statements and opinions which are mutually contradictory, technical conspiracy books are never the scientific reports which they so profess. They are hastily written, poorly organized, insufficiently researched, thematically underdeveloped, and consistently overpriced.

As a novel means for supplying any and every possible answer for a price, conspiracy writers have directed a new publications initiative. The typical conspiracy writer supplies an insufficient emollient to a painful social wound. People who ask questions want real answers. The confusion of fragmented facts presented in such publications does satisfy those whose inner-most need is contextual meaning. The unfortunate absence of such concise presentations becomes the lucrative potential of the new genre, as conspiracy writers keep their over-inflated texts moving through distributors.

One reads through several examples of these texts with a sense of growing amusement. Each new example verifies the often repeated observation that such books are made to be sold, not to convey facts. Filled as they are with turbid convolutions and nightmarish scenarios, this new publications assault has succeeded only in promoting a confused consciousness of concern. The factual fragments comprising conspiracy books, cassettes, or videos are designed to bait the reader into forming personal conclusions. These almost invariably satisfy the personal needs of readers who are actively seeking a conspiracy. The writers of these books carry no burden of proof. Theirs is the role of provocateur, irresponsible activators and promoters of social malaise without solution.

We are the unwitting witnesses of a rare manifestation which has not made its appearance since the period following World War II. Of the hysteria which has worked its way throughout our contemporary society, no undercurrents seem more energized than those which find nightmarish delight in uncovering the possible “monsters in the machines”. The deeper implications of these abnormal sublimations stir thoughts of the destructive principle in human consciousness, that which delights in seeking horrors. But what would so invert the normal life-seeking drives in social consciousness? The answer to this penetrating question exposes the workings of human consciousness both in alienating and being alienated. The principle which has no regard for human life is familiar to working class people alone.

DIVORCE

Those who very clearly sense the divorce between military and citizenry know that military intentions do not include the best interest of the citizen. Alienation, separation, rejection, divorcement. These are the real foundations from which social fears emerge. The social fears remain latent, mere undercurrents and suspicions seeking a focal point. Distrust finds its vent when authority demonstrates its adamant rejection of extraordinary citizens. Technology often becomes the rip in the walls between social id and social conscience. The instability through which suspicion becomes conspiratorial hysteria can be the slightest imposture or gesture on the part of an authority figure. When once society has suspected its government, the hysteria rages in full.

Are there reasonable sources of social anger in this regard? The arrogant and often hostile separation existing between government, military, and civilian sectors is forever brushed aside as “the preservation of national security”. Maintaining certain secrets from the populace is a token not well received by an intellectual population. In this continual removal of knowledge from a supposed liberated society, government is demonstrating broken trust. Here we find the origins of social suspicion. When a military organization necessarily requires secrecy, personal alienations magnify the latent social fears. Nevertheless, it is hilarious to discover what government agencies consider to be threatening secrets. One perusal of the patent collection will prove this to anyone.

SECRETS

Can we penetrate the secrecy? Can we indeed find answers to the HAARP “problem”? There are no secrets. Technological history is replete with instances of multiple simultaneous discoveries. The intelligence networks run over one another. Publications are instantaneous. But this statement does not refer to electronic mail. The history of science proves that ideas literally flow through space. Similar intense minds successfully communicate at unfathomable deep levels. What is learned in one laboratory soon appears spontaneously in many others. Study the literature and see this phenomenon repeated countless times. In this continual manifestation of intellectual fusion, only the sensitives have value. Those who demand and those who direct are helpless observers of processes which reveal the true heart of humanity. Those who exacerbate separations among societies are only forestalling their own obsolescence. In truth, there are no restrictions, no boundaries to the flow of such consciousness. Secrets cannot be kept. One can no more control the avalanche developments of technology than one can control the ocean. The absence of total secrecy is perhaps then the greatest secret.

Even the military projects which have so powerfully focused the writers of conspiracy essays have recently begun to “make utterance”. The recent release of “full disclosures” by the military is an equally curious modem manifestation. The great furor which HAARP has released has been successful enough to force military statements. One now finds that the military itself is declassifying patents and articles pertinent to the HAARP Project, an unprecedented willingness to quench the social spotlights which they have drawn. Why are they so willing in this opened disclosure policy? What are they trying to protect? And on whose behalf are they making these apologetic campaigns? Does the disclosure of hard data signal both the obsolescence of that data and the possession of superior technology?

GAMES

The superficial world game is a vain exercise of Control itself, of Regulation. The controllers wish to maintain their poise and power over the populace. This is nothing new. Rome saw endless such struggles, and is no more. There are those who comprehend evidence of deliberate design in the adamant and ludicrous behavior of military against citizenry. One asks the motive behind such a poise. What agent is capable of demanding and establishing such a rift? There are but two principalities which rule the workings of the world. Of the nation. Control and Money. Domination, rule. Extending the permeating alienation which has so thoroughly characterized our time, one will always find grasping hands of greed at work.

Excessive control, excessive regulation indicates a demise of social integrity which no military might, however fascistic and demanding, can alter or change. Ideas remain. Ideas and Ideals. They are visitors, messages from a deeper reality. American Military has traditionally overestimated its own worth and misperceived its role. In truth, military is the workhorse of the Multinationals and nothing more. It is certainly not the right hand of Liberty with which the poster propaganda campaigns puts forth. Military has been, and will remain nothing more than the strong arm of American Big Business. Secret military projects do not begin in the military at all. Secret military projects begin in the boardrooms of the business world. These are the origins of the covert. Here we ind those who would control our destinies and those of our children for generations. Having developed systems for controlling the systems, multinationals rule by the scratch of a pen stroke. Money threatens depression, and the Laws legally fulfill the intent.

Business rules science and industry. Business rules military. Business rules government. One protocol rules all the others. Civilians find themselves under the most direct authorities, above which there exists a gantry of superior commanders. Imperialistic designs desire the acquisition of foreign resources. Outright war is politically impossible unless reasonably overt excuses exist. In the absence of these, conditions must be created. Central Intelligence “stimulate” numerous controlled circumstances. These are contrived to divert attention away from certain activities. Study the pattens whereby hollow regimes appear in resource-bordering nations. The threat of war is suddenly reported. Some new dictator has “risen to power”, the latest in a series of synthetic madmen. The president is concerned, and the Senate votes unanimously. Military forces swoop in, and presto! Nightly News reports a new victory for American troops. Props and setups all. The realistic result of these imperialistic ventures is that citizens pay for the expended weapons, while Big Business acquires a copper mine, an oil field, a uranium supply.

My advice to conspiracy writers is this: do your research better. Find out what resources every US occupied nation contains. And who did the dirty work? Military. But Military initiates nothing. Business initiates. Military is merely an effective and dictatorial agency for driving and directing otherwise disoriented academic researchers toward the achievement of realistic goals. When Business wants a job done, Military researchers devise means for achieving those goals. Military force executes commands which begin in private liaisons among bankers. Military “advisement” simply insures that research goals are achieved within the prerequisite time period. Those who accuse the Military of engaging in covert operations know nothing of the fundamental facts concerning a subject of which they claim such superior insight; Military takes its orders from the cliched frail white business men in brown round toed shoes, whose dispassionate gazes smack of old American families.

MODUS OPERANDI

Historic examination of American policies reveals that the demands of a very few cartels consistently direct these superior commands. Manipulative control of military supremacy has continually achieved the questionable personal ends of the few. Keeping ahead of one’s adversaries gives technology the notion that government loves science. The lie is total. Cartels want those uranium mines in Africa, so military gets the funding to develop all sorts of new death devices for “testing”. But do not be deceived, throughout the process we observe that military is not in the position of initiation.

The military does not engage in such projects unless under superior command. The pure love of science or the pleasure of acquiring scientific data is not in their command-obedient agenda. For the military to desist from the study and development of new weaponry, a superior command of exceedingly high priority must be in effect. Military does nothing on its own, and cannot. After the governments themselves bow in homage to superior capital, military is the slave of cartels. Business directs. Business gives the orders. The Government issues commands. The Military executes.

When the battle smoke clears, medals are clipped on old Generals and Big Business lights up cigars all around the boardroom table where it all began. To achieve the various objectives which business demands, ever newer “measures and countermeasures” have been steadily developed since the Cold War. Non-nuclear weapons packages and other cunning technologies have continually facilitated various deceptions, conditions, and terminations which ordinary citizens fail to recognize as deliberate military actions. In brief, the military is well stocked with a reserve of surprising weapons and communications systems which enable the rapid acquisition of foreign resources when commanded.

We must also look behind the imperialistic forays in order to comprehend the rationale for the numerous little exercises which have so colorfully flooded our television screens for the past thirty years. The desire for foreign resources is no blind ambition. The desire for foreign resources is always predicated on the demands of new ventures. Wars are fought on many battlefronts. The most decisive wars are fought in study, where new ideas emerge. A single idea can alter the course of centuries. And none know when or where such an event may occur. While the private military laboratories burst with unsuspected new technologies, monies for these “projects” arrive in unending rivers from demanding multinational bankers.

Cartels employ active research staffs to scope the science world for potentially destabilizing expressions and designs. While unable to stop the progressive emergence of such inspirations, they can and do manage the efficient eradication of perceived threats. Scholars and patent bibliographers well know that working technologies, now well beyond their third stage of development, have already rendered the much-discussed “covert” military technologies obsolescent. No single statement can be more important than this one. In rarely mentioned reports, military research successfully developed sophisticated ray-beam systems which exceed the optical laser in coherent penetrability and lethal power.

NASA, as a military adjunct organization, has continually enabled and maintained deployment of a worldwide military satellite exchange. The heavy schedule of NASA Space Shuttle launches evidenced the deployment of highly secretive military packages in predetermined orbits throughout its decade long history. These systems have replaced radiowave technology in both communications and reconnaissance operations. Coupled with space technologies, these optical and paraoptical technologies now best represent the true and classified military state of the art. For this reason it is strongly believed that ELF projects such as SEAFARER will shortly he decommissioned. Radiowave technology has been rendered obsolescent by better and more dependable technologies, the nature of which has never been discussed in the open. I have retrieved the patents which prove my assertions.

In this confusion is discovered the inestimable value of conspiracy writers to military security. Declassified military patents signal the deploying of complete highly advanced systems. Military declassification is a diversion for the intellectuals who are easily fascinated by technological baubles. Remember, the modus operandi are completely opposed. The military is not intrigued or concerned with the wonders of nature! But why was the military so absolutely empowered to develop superweapons at all? Both during and after World War II, certain multinationals sought security in trade. Capitalistic security. For this reason alone, Allied military was given the wherewithal to develop weaponry. When Japan threatened Pacific free trade, an invincible weapon was sought. Funds for the Manhattan Project did not come from the American tax-payer. The Government was already in debt to the Federal Bank lenders. Cash flow for this weaponry came from privateers. The Atomic Energy Commission managed the ancillary Industry on behalf of the original investors. This conglomerate is also reaching its logical conclusion, a startling outcome which we will shortly discuss. Nevertheless, the many levels in which multinational organizations seemingly coexist reveals that they themselves are in devious competitions.

Many continually cite Communism as the trigger for the rapid proliferation of nuclear stockpiles. Communism only threatened capitalists who were themselves divorced from the innermost circles of multinational business. Communism was not an accidental revolution. Neither was it an economic “experiment”, as some have suggested. Communism was a business weapon, aimed at those who were not invested. Communism was a privately owned system which used the totalitarian government as a permanent deterrent to all other potential investors. The central mystery figure in this high level domination was Armand Hamer, whose continual private inspections of both Soviet Government and Industry are unquestionably financial. Hamer reaped unmentionable capital profits from Soviet Industries, while consorting with Allied cartels.

World business is a game of simple causes and effects. The only variables are those which technology brings into the game. Besides these new variables, human nature and human reactions remain unaltered throughout history. “Outsider” cartels recognized the inherent weakness in the otherwise dominating strong-hold which Hamer had devised and executed. Fixed in a political arena, it was possible to threaten that fortress with the new weaponry. The mere suggestion that outsiders could destroy the totalitarian “arrangement” would perhaps sufficiently serve to bring Hamer into dialogue. Hamer himself was the only individual permitted to enter Moscow airspace without question. Met by personal limousine, Hamer was secretly escorted to his Russian estate, a huge property maintained in his absence by a privately hired workforce. When he so desired, Soviet military brass and the Premier himself would arrive at the estate. Clearly, from its inception Hamer was underwriting the Soviet regime.

Toward breaking this strategy of domination, the numerous outsider cartels directed the unprecedented deployment of atomic weaponry. When the initial threat was matched with a Soviet duplicate of atomic weaponry, the game was locked in “cheque”. Seeing that this maneuver did not succeed in bringing Hamer to the consortium, the AEC was directed toward developing more powerful weaponry. Thermonuclear devices were the frightening result, an unexpected and horrifying outcome of the unleashed scientific consortium. There being no theoretical limit to the effective destructive extent of such weaponry, the development and deployment of novel weapons became a prime objective throughout the “Cold War”. In the face of “Mutual Assured Destruction” scenarios, priority was eventually revised in the development of tactical weapons which permitted post-war occupation. Neutron bombs were tested to satisfaction during this time period, a small spin off of patented devices whose descriptions have been recently unearthed.

RUMORS

The unfortunate mention of a few misunderstood military technologies has flooded society with conspiratorial issues, suspicions and rumors having no real foundation. In such a fear-ruled atmosphere there can be no true objectivity, no serious scientific discussion. In order to allay the fundamental fears which have been incited by all too numerous and over enthused writers, this article on HAARP has been composed. What we require is factual clarification.

Patent retrieval requires historical scope, otherwise an over-excited response will produce convoluted misinterpretations. This is precisely what has happened in discussing HAARP. Therefore, a brief summary of military achievements in the high-tech realm may be fitting, The large-scale demonstrations of plutonium and hydrogen bombs brought the discovery of a new and unexpected phenomenon. Electromagnetic Pulse, or EMP phenomena, became the focal point of intense military interest. Remember who was directing the military progress in these endeavors. Though we have deep interests in the natural phenomena which attended such experimentation, please recall the patronage behind these tests.

The EMP phenomenon suggested a new weapons potential which could be used in a limited strike scenario. The technique would not require large yield nuclear weapons, and seemed a plausible route to pursue. Stimulating a powerful and decisively destructive EMP across any military opposition, EMP’s reaching several thousand amperes were powerful and penetrating enough to bum out electronics packages and power grids in a single instant. EMP potentials were derived from ground induced ring currents beneath the rising plasma of any small nuclear blast. The essential feature was that EMPs could not be blocked. In this, military recognized a new weaponry.

Military researchers quickly developed controlled EMP devices and techniques throughout the years between 1960 and 1970, the details of which are given in my forthcoming book, “Secrets of Cold War Technology – Project HAARP and Beyond”. Special techniques for enhancing EMP action were investigated. Military deployed new non-nuclear devices in identical research themes, dispersing ionizable chemicals through high aerial detonations. Experiments performed with these artificial plasma clouds were designed to test a variety of weapons objectives. These techniques were discarded with the development and deployment of satellites, ineffective “over the horizon” and other such “back-scatter” RADAR techniques being replaced by optical reconnaissance.

Discovering that aerial plasma clouds could destroy short-wave reception for hours and days if necessary, military experimenters experimented with ionospheric “heaters” for a time. These were found capable of delivering controlled shortwave blackouts for sustained periods. Military frowned upon the monstrous station required in supporting such techniques. As weapons, their excessive expense and size rendered them easy “first strike” targets. These too fell into obsolescent disuse with the deployment of several satellite deployed beam weapons. During the SDI period, military was given command to launch weapons-ready orbital platforms, and deployed surveillance and reconnaissance satellites in a continual volley of private missile launches.

Please recognize that the technical bibliographic reservoir gives us the only reasonable basis for assessing and evaluating projects such as HAARP. Technological developments of this magnitude are attended by a great host of research reports and ancillary experimental proceedings. Historically released publications represent those thousands who have had empirical knowledge of real equipment. The difficulty of tampering with such a densified bibliography is inestimable. Deliberate eradication of such bibliographies by intelligence agencies has never been completely successful, the indolence and relative apathy of the populace being a dependable enough deterrent to possible security leaks.

No single intelligence agency can exercise manipulations to the degree that every single report may be altered or eradicated. Freedom of expression rules in the older bibliographies, provided you are able to yet obtain them at all, It is through the bibliographic manifold of visionary tunnels that the astute analyst discerns the razor edge of truth. In addition, the examination of numerous military funded technical reports always places the private analyst on alert. Those agencies who prepare and publish their official reports are as dubious as those who compile conspiracy theories. And writers who doubt both groups are held opened to the very same accusations! Seeking the balance, one strikes a curious pose. Tethered on a jeweled pivot between military releases and conspiracy theories, one seeks a clear image of sunlight in a hall of mirrors. But one fact is clear and remains. All publications serve as markers ad points on which we may focus discussion. In this, we have a lever which can indeed move the world of secrecy.

Having anticipated the social turbulence which surrounds projects such as HAARP, military journalists have been hard a work carefully selecting certain hard technical data for publication. Hundreds of declassified pages have been dispatched through the INTERNET. It is a simple and effective means for powerfully silencing potentially irascible intellectuals. Curiously it is the military who are again in position to step in and act as the “voice of reason”. Yes, amid the oceans of fear and suspicion which highly classified projects have stimulated, the military itself emerging as the very epitome of honesty and beneficent authority. The military prose writers have succeeded in using the social paranoia which they themselves have triggered to their own best advantage.

But the real direction toward which military advisement has progressed is no hideous covert plot to mind-manipulate the nation. What lies at the root of HAARP is a mundane business arrangement which the all too elaborate paranoia has typically and completely misinterpreted. The great and monstrous fear which has been evoked among the intellectuals actually centers around a business foray which the military has been commanded to develop by executive command. It is therefore in this light that we will unravel the HAARP issue. What conspiratorialists so fear and suspect is delusional. Hysteria is not the atmosphere proper to the deliberation and extrication of facts. Hysteria blocks the pursuit of clear thinking. HAARP is about Power, Control, and Money. Nothing more. One must break through the fear which conspiratorialists are weaving. Get the facts.

The death knell has struck. Wave Radio is dead. How have 70 years of Military Research succeeded in producing a completely new and superior communications technology? Radio History gives a stranger walk than paranoid writers ever tell! While citizens were watching television, military research was directed to create an amazing radiation technology far in advance of any system known. Currently and routinely utilized, it has remained a well guarded “open secret” for decades. Discover why is it obvious that neither military nor private developers have yet successfully duplicated Tesla technology.

• Who was John Hettinger, and how were his early beam power systems modified through radar technology into ray beam weapons?
• What was Project Argus? Project Teak? Project Orange? Learn about the frightful characteristics of EMP phenomena, and how these were employed in a strange and deadly technology. Why was a High Command request to employ EMP weaponry in the recent Gulf War denied?
• Not a weapon, not a psychotronics system, not a weather modifier, why is HAARP NOT the program which so many have claimed? Why can the IRI never achieve the objectives cited by a few authors? Learn about the real motivations so powerfully at work in Conspiracy Writers, and why they are not equipped to crack the secret of HAARP. Why are the Eastlund Patents not relevant to HAARP, and why has Raytheon continued to collect every HAARP relevant patent for several years? What is the “merchandise” which HAARP promises to yield?
• How were X-Rays used to detect underground movements? How were Gamma Rays routinely used in communicating from submarines to command headquarters via military satellites?

Facts quell hysteria, but Truth is stranger than fiction. Want the answers? This complete technical history of military projects will show the development of every relevant project preceding and exceeding HAARP. Only the facts. No hysteria. Complete with communications and weapons patent citations, this book will forever change your view of world events and technology.

Available now through the Borderland Sciences Research Catalog.

Article by Gerry Vassilatos — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 51, No. 3, 3rd Quarter 1995)

The notion of drawing up electrical power from the ground sounds incredibly fanciful to conventional scientists, but numerous patents support the claim. A number of retrieved patents list compact batteries which can operate small appliances by drawing up ground electricity. Others describe methods whereby enough usable electrical power may be drawn out of the ground itself for industrial use.

Earth batteries have been detailed in a previous article. Their history can be traced back to experiments performed by Luigi Galvani on copper plates in deep stone water wells. Currents derived through these gave Galvani and his assistants “shivering thrills and joyous shocks”.

A certain Mr. Kemp in Edinburgh (1828) worked with earth batteries, so that we know these designs were already being seriously studied. They demonstrate the validity of very anciently held beliefs concerning the generative vitality of earth itself. Earth batteries are an unusual lost scientific entry having immense significance. Developed extensively during Victorian times, the earth batteries evidenced a unique earth phenomena by which it was possible to actually “draw out” electricity from the ground.

The most notable earth battery patent is one which operated arc lamps by drawing “a constant electromotive force of commercial value” directly from the ground. In addition to this remarkable claim, a vocal radio broadcast system… through the ground.

It all began one hundred and fifty years ago with the advent of telegraphy. The meandering wire went through rich dark ever-green forests. Lush com flowing valleys sparkled and languidly waved as the linesmen drew their trail. Across meadows where wild flowers covered the earth in fragrant bouquets, there went the line in its curious path.

Over rolling hills which soared into the hazy sunlight, the telegraph linesmen sang as they went. And the lines followed a mysteriously winding trail which few discern. Sorciers and Templars alike called these trails “woivres”. Anglo-Saxon geomancers called it VRIL, the black radiant organismic energy of earth.

Who is Nathan B. Stubblefield, and why do most citizens in the state of Kentucky justifiably revere his name? A native of Murray, Kentucky, Nathan B. Stubblefield had a love for the lonely wooded areas on the outskirts of town. Certain spots in these woods were mysterious and possessed of a strange magic all their own. Few would seek the magic of these places, and learn its true and deep power. There the song is sweet and deep, and still.

Vitalizing and sense-provocative, Stubblefield knew that specific locations could be unique natural energy sources. Rock outcrops, evergreens, and flowing springs each registered as strong sensual attractants. Could it be that they were sensual attractants because they conducted and projected special energetic ground currents? Can it he that we are enthralled and drawn into certain spots because of their projective energy? Furthermore, what is the exact nature of this energy? Does it contain or exceed the qualities of electricity?

A self-educated experimenter and avid reader of every kind of scientific literature, Nathan Stubblefield supplemented his living with farming. He remained a practical inventor of some of the most unusual electrical devices ever developed in America.. What he discovered and demonstrated before hundreds of qualified observers in his day seems to challenge many basic axioms of electrical dynamics.

He developed an extraordinary receiver of ground electricity (which produced great quantities of electric power) and numerous “vibrating telephones” which were used by local residents in 1887. The telephonic devices were patented in 1888 and represent the first commercial wireless telephones, using the ground as the transmission medium. The years when telephonic lines were suddenly made available to the world betrayed the fact that the new medium was one which only the very rich could afford. Common people could simply not be serviced with local telephones until prices were made cheaper.

While telegraphy employed thrifty iron wire, telephony demanded the expensive and better conducting copper lines. Telephones designed by A. G. Bell did not give powerful enough signals through iron wire at any distance because of the additional resistance represented. Other problems included the fact that the Bell telephone could not transmit or receive a strong and clear vocal signal without excessive battery power. The Bell System was not a truly “democratic” medium of communications.

A mysterious and unrecorded sequence of discoveries preceded Stubblefield’s early developments, but he was able to dispense with wire connections entirely. His was not a “one-wire” system. Nathan Stubblefield performed the “impossible”: he developed, tested, demonstrated, and established a small, democratic telephone service which did not require wire lines at all! His system utilized the ground itself as the conductive medium.

Mr. Stubblefield discovered that telephonic signals of exceptional clarity could be both transmitted and received through the ground medium. There was simply no precedent for this development. The first effect of this wonder was that common people could now have the much needed communications which both great distance and poverty prevented. Farms could be interlinked by the Stubblefield exchange by simply plugging both terminals into the ground. Wire would not take up the expense which the telephone exchange would later charge to the customers in addition to service. Signals were loud and clear. All those who experienced this kind of telephonic conversation declared that Stubblefield had discovered a true wonder.

We have photographs of his telephone sets. These reveal small, ruggedly built wooden cases which are surmounted by conventional transmitter-receiver sets. Heavy insulated cables rim to the outer ground from this apparatus. Stubblefield developed an “annunciator” (horn loudspeaker) which amplified the voice of callers. These sets of his appeared in numerous demonstrations on the east coast, from New York to Delaware. The signals were so loud and clear that they defied commercial levels of excellence provided by the now growing monopolies of American Telephone and Western Telegraph.

Thomas Edison broke the Bell telephone monopoly when he developed the carbon button microphone for Western Union. Sounds were louder when using the Edison carbon microphone. These carbon microphones needed excessive battery power, and batteries were not cheap. Some telephone companies began utilizing dynamo systems to power their lines. The fuel needs of dynamos drive customer costs much too far, prohibiting the ordinary people from having the system for their own moments of need.

Stubblefield developed remarkably unexpected systems by which available resources became the commodity. In the early Stubblefield system, twin terminals into the ground formed the initial bridge among telephones. System users were effectively joined together through the ground itself: wires were eliminated! The signals were exceptional, and did not fade or intensify with rain, a fact later to be considered in theoretical discussions. Those who experienced speech through the Stubblefield system each reported similar impressions.

Ordinary soil conduction telephonics require a certain degree of ground water for their operation. Stubblefield’s system did not operate on this principle for reasons which will become more obvious as we continue recounting his tale.

Stubblefield developed a means by which calls could be individualized among customers. Later, his central telephone exchange included power-amplifying relays, set in the ground at specific distances. Calls were handled by an elaborate system of two-wire, ground connected automatic switches and relays. Signal purity was remarkable for the time, using a single carbon button for both transmission and reception. Furthermore, Stubblefield’s telephones could be left on for days without weakening the power system at all. Now hundreds of ordinary people in widely separated places could afford the installation of telephone service.

The theoretical reasons why ground conduction telephony can occur had later been established by researchers in England, notably Sir William Preece. Preece successfully attempted only telegraphic signals across great distances of land and sea. Stubblefield was telephoning through greater distances with the legendary clarity and strength which became equal to his other mysterious developments.

The true difference between the Stubblefield system and these early “conduction telegraphy” systems becomes obvious as soon as we delve further into his biography. How were ground plugged relays acting as amplifiers in the Stubblefield system? This feature forms the core of an intensive investigation which several have reproduced in various forms today.

His discovery of an earth charging phenomenon permitted the development of an equally astounding invention, the Stubblefield earth battery. This device, an earthed electrode, drew up enough natural electric charge from the earth to operate motors, pumps, arc lamps, and his ground telephone system. The implementation of his earth energy technology would have changed the nature of American Society were it permitted free market expression in its day.

MEANDERING WAYS

As telephony gradually replaced the telegraph service, lines were also accommodated to telephony. Before becoming entirely reclusive, Mr. Stubblefield befriended a few employees of the telephone service. These friends obtained cast-off telephone equipment and parts for his experiments.

He became very familiar with the behavior of telephone exchange equipment in the natural environment. The telephonic systems of existing service companies were grounded systems. Each end of both telegraphic and telephonic lines were sunk into the ground, while the single expensive copper line formed the communications link. Ground sites terminated specific lengths of these service lines in special, thick metal plates. Plates were well-buried in selected ground. These plates were composed either of zinc or copper, and required specific ground placement for their continued operation.

Linesmen were taught to find “good ground” for these sites. Some later insensitivity among the growing numbers of hired crew members required the development of “ground location meters”; none of which were to give the special and anomalous characteristics observed in early linework.

Certain telephonic patents reveal extremely articulated” termination plates for these service lines: folded, stacked, coiled, and interleaved. Acting as accumulators of earth energies, these often became extremely charged. It was found that signals would both self-clarify and self-amplify to unexpected degrees when these special terminations were employed.

Telegraph linesman “felt” their way through woods, laying the paths for lines according to a peculiar intuition. Theirs was an intuitive path rather than a strictly mathematical one, carved through woods and vales in the artistic meandering way of the ancient “geomancers”. Older linesmen recalled the days when line installations took their winding routes through woods, across meadows, and sinuously along ridges, lakes, and streams. Linesmen innately sensed the most favorable paths along which lines should pass.

Geomancy is the ancient qualitative science by which “holy spots” are discerned, and sacred edifices are properly founded. Intuitive discernment, rather than mathematical objectivity, governs the geomancer’s aesthetic. Geomantic aesthetics governed the building of ancient villages and towns, and it is no wonder that most architects of any real artistic worth exercise these same aesthetics. Art-governed architects are natural geomancers.

Geomantic qualitative science precedes geologic quantitative science. A surveyor might simply draw a straight line across a section of land, and engineers would then employ powerful means to cut that straight path despite all natural barriers. Much of modern housing development is based on this “draw and cut” method. The sharp paths of engineers is effective and direct, but the old meandering rural roads dotted with their naturally placed homes are beautiful.

The old linesmen trekked across woods in a careful manner, turning aside from natural barricades. Maps of these first telegraphic lines may be consulted. It will be seen that these lines meandered with natural features. Telegraphic lines twisted and turned through the countryside and wilds; a twisting vine of iron on tar-covered wooden poles.

ELECTRICAL OCEAN

Properly ground-conformed telegraph lines were known to produce unexpected signal strengths, as well as unexpected signals. Night station operators were often “haunted” by spurious messages. These contained fragmentary words and sentences, and could not be traced to other station operators.

It is curious that the older placed lines demonstrated a remarkable and constant feature throughout their years, requiring few, or no batteries for their operation. This absolutely astounding fact is well documented in the telegraph and telephone literature of the day.

In these trade journals we find reports of lines in which current was everflowing! Company owners found this fascinating natural fact quite lucrative as well as surprising. The question was, where is the current coming from? The echo of the linesman resounded in the forest, the answer singing beneath his feet. Another equally remarkable fact involved the engineer’s methodically driven lines across land and through mountains. These lines did not manifest electrical self-excitations. Clearly, the difference of methods had produced completely opposed energetic results; the one active and the other inert.

As companies expanded across greater regions of ground, engineers replaced the oldtime lineman’s sense of “proper placement” with surveyor’s charts. It is not unusual for corporate expansions to bring about such a dramatic loss of quality – in exchange for a growth of quantity.

Mr. Stubblefield pondered the question of “taking current from the ground”. He stated in very plain language that the earth was filled with “an electrical ocean”. This electrical ocean was surging with huge “electrical waves” which could be felt in certain places. No doubt, he was one who felt the ground energy.

Telegraph lines were once two-wire lines: each completing the circuit among station receivers, batteries, and keys. It was quickly discovered that single lines, terminated in the ground with heavy metal plates, could achieve similar results. The immense savings in wire, poles, insulators, and maintenance was an attractive feature of this method for company owners.

Telegraph linesmen required skill in finding proper ground terminals. Improperly placed ground plates could ruin a system by not conducting signals properly through time. Spurious conductivity in a line could ruin critical transmissions and receptions. Telegraphic lore is filled with discussions about both “good ground” and “bad ground”.

The linesmen were workers in a yet primarily agrarian society, having experience with soil and earth in general. Many of them were farmboys who watched the oldtimers “divining” for water. Linesmen frequently discussed such natural means for discerning the “good ground” for terminating a telegraph line.

Thomas Edison adopted a method which could “valve” line signal by preventing unnecessary signal leakages into the ground. His method included the use of terminal rheostats in order to control the amount of current flowing to the ground during signal time. Several of these terminal rheostat patents have been found. One familiar model uses a thick cylinder of carbon with a slide spring contact.

The most amazing thing to the telegraph linesmen was the variation of rheostatic settings which each ground required before strong signalling could occur. Some terminal rheostats needed to be closed completely. Others could be opened full until signals were of sufficient strength to operate the system. Each ground had its own “character”. Each ground was possessed of activities which defied description except but by poetry, song, and twisting green vine.

Telegraph line was not copper, neither was it insulated throughout its length. Telegraph line was bare iron wire, and was supported on porcelain insulators fixed to tarred wooden poles. Signal strength along such resistive wire would have theoretically been extremely poor, but was exceedingly strong at times. So great was the developed signal strength that operators could “remove battery cups” and work with almost no current at all. Where did this extra energy come from? From what mysterious depths did this strange power emerge? Examination of telegraph systems reveals them to be radionic tuners on a vast scale. I suggest that VRIL articulate energy, the dendritic living energy found in the ground, was at work in all these systems.

EARTH RESERVOIR

Nathan Stubblefield’s experiments involved the development of earth batteries: buried metallic arrangements which produced electrical power. We find a good number of the earth battery designs in the Patent Registry. The earliest designs appeared in 1841 when Alexander Bain discovered the phenomenon. While working a telegraphic line, he chanced to discover that his leads had become immersed in water. This short-circuit through earthed water did not stop the actions which resounded through his system.

Mr. Bain took the next step to a greater distance, burying copper plates and zinc plates with a mile of ground between them. These, when connected to a telegraphic line performed remarkably well without any other battery assistance. Bain obtained a patent for his earth battery in 1841, using it to drive telegraph systems and clocks.

Stephen Vail (1837) observed the same effect, not knowing what caused it. The establishment of the first functional telegraph line seemed to require ever few batteries with time. Vail began with some 12 battery cups, reducing them gradually until 2 were needed. There came a point where he found it possible to remove even these, while operating the system.

This mystery persisted for years. I have heard such an account by a close friend and electrical engineer who reported that local telegraph stations remained in operation despite the fact that their batteries had not been recharged for a great number of years (W. Lehr).

J. W. Wilkins in England (1845) corroborated findings made by Bain, developing a similar earth battery for use in telegraphic service. An early English Patent appears in 1864 by John Haworth, the first true composite earth battery. This battery is drum shaped, having numerous solid discs mounted on an insulative axis, end braced, and buried. Their power was rated in terms of disc diameter and telegraph line distance: 1 foot diameter discs for 75 miles of line, 2 foot discs for up to 440 miles of line.

Patent Archives have revealed a great number of these devices including several remarkable operative descriptions. Earth batteries by Garratt (1868), Edard (1877), Mellon (1889), and Hicks (1890) yield therapeutic powers. Earth batteries by Bryan (1875), Cerpaux (1876), Bear (1877), Dieckmann (1885), Drawbaugh (1879), Snow (1874), Spaulding (1885), and Stubblefield (1898) produce usable power. In addition to these marvelous patents, there are those which found their way into telephonic service later: designs by Strong (1880), Brown (1881), Tomkins (1881), Lockwood (1881) provided power assistance and primary power for telephonic systems through out the countryside.

The well reputed fame of “earth batteries” centers around their very anomalous electrical behavior. The central mystery about earth batteries is that they do not corrode to the degree in which their electrical production rate theoretically demands. Exhumed earth batteries reveal little surface corrosion.

Nathan Stubblefield knew that probes (placed into various soils) reveal an amazing degree of strong electrical activity. These currents show an amazing degree of variation across any chosen plot of ground. Wet soils often reverse the expected electrical strength: weakening, instead of strengthening their appearance. Proper placements of metallic probes can produce strong currents for use.

Touching a well-grounded iron rod is a good first experiment to try in these regards. Try and find a place where power leakage into the ground is minimal, such as a park or wooded area. Take a yard-long solid iron rod whose surface is free of shellac or insulator coatings. Carefully drive the rod into the ground with a hammer. Wetted hands on the iron should produce a mild electrical sensation. These voltages may be measured. They “pin” sensitive galvanometers. The current does not cease after several weeks of activity when properly placed.

Stubblefield’s observations of natural electrical manifestations led him to consider the taking of “free” electrical energy from the earth. His initial revelation contended that such vast amounts of energy could be used to drive the engineworks of industry. Stubblefield sensed that the ground currents were arriving as electrical waves.

In Stubblefield’s view the electrical waves permeate the earth. Electrical waves were treated as ocean waves, constantly surging and cresting in specific locales. As ocean waves crash against fixed shores and rocks, so electrical waves also surge and crash against underground geological features. Stubblefield reasoned that this electroactivity should be extreme in certain locales: the “rocky shores” of the electrical ocean. Just as there are rocky shores, calm beaches, and surging ocean depths, Stubblefield clearly envisioned the mysterious dark waves of the vast and unsuspected electrical ocean.

Knowing these truths, Stubblefield arranged ground rods in specific locales in order to intercept the electrical waves for power. He knew that these electrical waves would only appear in very specific places, so he did not expect to find them everywhere in abundance. Stubblefield constantly spoke of “working the ground” before power could be taken from it.

Stubblefield observed the natural tides and boundaries of the electrical ocean in and around his lovely rural hometown. Concerning this earth energy, Tesla and other investigators later developed equivalent models. Tesla charted and used the earth waves in their surging impulses. Moray also intercepted these natural impulses in the “radiant energy” generator.

Some researchers believed that the vast electrical ground reservoir finds its source in the enormous solar efflux. Certainly daytime grounds yield a remarkable amount of static. Ground terminal shortwave reception is excessively “choked” during the daylight hours on certain bands. Despite the supposed insulative qualities of the atmosphere the solar efflux finds its way through space, eventually permeating the ground. Some researchers have referred to the ground-permeating solar energy as the “slow solar discharge”.

The “slow discharge” represents the enormous drift of aether through the entire body of ground. The earth evidences a constantly self regenerating charge. Tesla opposed the notion that this potent field was the result of decaying radioactive materials deep in the crust.

Numerous other researchers would refer to this “electrical ocean” as the vast reservoir of untapped natural energy. Somehow this reservoir is regenerated in a constant swelling. Where did the energy come from? Earth static was presumed by Tesla to be a solar activity which manifested in and across the ground. The ever growing static of earth was problematic for physicists who could not see the source for such energetic growth potentials. Tesla believed that ultrafine corpuscles from the sun permeated the entire earth, manifesting as static charge, and further conjectured that these rays came primarily from the sun, since it was ejecting matter “at excessively high voltages”. If this were so, reasoned Tesla, then sunlight contained something of this electroactive component, and it was certainly possible to derive electrical energy from sunlight.

Nikola Tesla announced these facts in 1894, finding only the silencing ridicule of academicians already hating his very name. When Tesla declared that “rays from space” were “bombarding the earth” he was absolutely rejected by the academic club who rejected these claims as “superstitious”. Upbraiding his findings, they later claimed for themselves the very same discovery (Millikan, 1932).

Tesla stated that the electrical energy released by the sun is a far greater, more permeating supply than sunlight itself. He certainly believed it should be considered as a first rate natural electrical source of enormous potential for commercial applications. His assertion was based on experimentally verified facts when, measuring steadily growing charge states in vacuum tubes, it occurred to him that earth charge was sourced in solar activity.

Tesla also demonstrated the extraction of free electrical power from solar energy. A well grounded mica capacitor is surmounted by a highly polished zinc plate. This plate may be poised in a highly evacuated glass container to best advantage, the zinc not exposed to corrosive influences. The tube is elevated and exposed to sunlight. The mica capacitor is connected in series with the vacuum tube. After only several minutes of exposure time, the stored electrical energy is formidable: producing a powerful white arc discharge.

Tesla patented this device. Since earth absorbs the permeating solar efflux, then these energies can be extracted for aeons.

Others have viewed the generation of ground static as a natural “radiant process” from the ground itself. Static charge appears as the inert by-product of the mysterious VRIL, the self magnifying organismic ground energy. VRIL, according to medieval mystical philosophers, is the ground of being from which all material manifestations emerge. VRIL connectively fuses metaphysical realities (dream, vision, ideation, impulse) with physical realities. (mineralogy, botany, zoology). By the radionic method by which telegraph lines may be locally “tuned” we may well surmise that this ground based regenerative supply is the true source of static.

Samuel Morse originally planned the burial of telegraphic lines between cities. Having done so across several tens of miles at great expense and through great labor, Morse found his system utterly incapable of operation. Static had so flooded his receivers that no signalling was possible at all. This first bad experience with the static of ground presented such a discouragement, that he almost stopped the entire plan. The uneconomical task of elevating all his cables later became the normal procedure.

Early telegraphers observed a steady growth of static throughout night seasons. This growth continued despite the absence of winds or storm conditions anywhere along the line. Researchers have often referred to this kind of power as “free energy”, meaning that the power source is extraterrestrial and natural in supply. Such an energy source would remain cost-free. The privatization of utility companies could conceivably be municipal and democratic; municipal groups could share the cost of installing the ground energy stations.

ENERGY RECEIVER

Mr. Stubblefield developed a peculiar bi-metallic induction coil which could (when buried) draw up sufficient electrical power to operate lamps and other appliances which he designed and tested. The patent specification describes a terminal which draws electricity out of the ground. This device required very specific placement – it would not work with equal effectiveness in all locations. A very precise placement of the device required an equally precise knowledge, and Stubblefield shared this knowledge with only a few of his associates.

I spoke with an academician who had the extreme privilege of speaking with Mr. Stubblefield’s son, Bernard Stubblefield. Bernard, by this time himself quite aged, told that his father’s method in locating the “right spot” was deliberate. His father referred to the device as indeed a receptive terminal and not a battery.

Despite the insistence of Patent Officers in calling the device a “battery”, Stubblefield declared it to be an energy receiver, a receptive cell for intercepting electrical ground waves. Its conductive ability somehow absorbs and directs enormous volumes of electrical energy. With this energy Nathan Stubblefield operated a score of arc lamps at full brightness for twenty four hours a day.

It becomes apparent that Mr. Stubblefield had witnessed (or experienced) some natural occurrence of discharging electrical energy in a telephonic system, and had determined the mode of its manifestation with simple means. His ground energy receiver (Pat. 600,457) remains a true electrician’s mystery. There was a definite trigger by which this energy was stimulated and maintained. The induction coil which bears his name is equipped with three coils which are wrapped around upon a heavy iron core. Bare iron wire and cotton covered copper wire are wrapped side by side, comprising a primary coil body. Each layer of this primary coil body is covered by a band of cotton insulation, bringing four wire leads to the coil terminus. Two leads of iron and two of copper are external to the coil. Commercial-electrical power is obtained through these connective terminals.

In addition to this bimetallic winding, there is a third winding: the “secondary”. This third coil is insulated from the primary bimetallic coil, serving as a trigger device. Presumably, a stimulating impulse shock was introduced into the tertiary coil, after which the upwelling electrical ground response brought forth powerful currents in both iron and copper coils.

Electrolytically (as a battery in acid or saltwater) the Stubblefield coil is disappointing, producing less than one volt according to those who have duplicated its construction. Stubblefield’s bimetallic coil was a “plug”: a receiver which intercepts the vast and free electrical reservoir of the ground itself. His patent and subsequent company brochures define the manner in which his earth battery was to be activated.

Technically, the Stubblefield device is a modified thermocouple (a bimetal in tight surface contact) but could not supply the degree of power which he reported. While this arrangement could develop a few milliwatts of power in appropriately hot ground spots, the thermoelectric explanation of the device cannot explain the phenomenal output reported in news reports of Stubblefield’s demonstrations.

Furthermore, though the Stubblefield power receiver is wound like an induction coil, it produces a steady direct current output. This poses additional problems for the conventional engineers. Electrical induction only occurs with electrical alternations, oscillations, and impulses. Witnesses described ground-powered motors which ran unceasingly and unattended for months without need for replacing or replenishing the ground battery. Small machinery, clocks, and loud gongs were run by other ground-buried cells as reported by credible witnesses.

Mr. Stubblefield reported that the burial of his “earth energy cell” required time to build up charge. Once the cell was saturated, however, the cell became a conduit of earth charge and flowed over in “commercial electrical volumes”. He did not claim complete knowledge of the phenomenon. He simply stated that (once the coil became saturated with the earth charge) it suddenly manifested an electromotive force “far greater than any known wet cell reaching into weeks and months of continuous work night and day” and poured this charge out for use.

Stubblefield used the cell as a “plug”, drawing out the electrical charge of the ground. The cell coilings acted as a lumped conductor. Charge saturated this conductor and flowed up into it, powering any electrically connected appliance. After repeated exhumations, the copper element of these cells “is not acted on in a perceptible degree . . . even after repeated renewals”.

Mr. Stubblefield described means by which such cells could be connected in series at short distances from one another. “With these, acting as electrodes . . . you draw from the electrical energy of the earth a constant E.M.F. of commercial value”. The phrase “acting as electrodes” is the heart of the Stubblefield energy cell. It is not a battery. It absorbs and flows over with the stupendous energy of the earth’s charge. Stubblefield may have discovered the auto-magnifying voltage effect of electrostatic induction in coils before Tesla, who later utilized the effect in his special electrostatic transformers.

Stubblefield’s buried bifilar coils may have become saturated with earth electrostatic energy, travelling up the coil. In such a case, the mere battery power of the coil was replaced by the electrostatic flow, the coil acting as an electrode. This seemed obvious when considering the fact that its ordinary battery current (1 watt) was gradually replaced by a continually growing electrical current of far greater proportion.

Article by Paramahamsa Tewari — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 48, No. 1, Jan.-February 1992)

In order to fully comprehend the working of Space Power Generators that operate at over-unity efficiencies and thereby defy the existing Law of Conservation of Charge and Law of Conservation of Energy, I had carried out a number of crucial tests. The enclosed article describes one such test that pin-points the substantiality of Space (Absolute Vacuum). In due course I shall be writing some more articles also that are based on the experiments carried out for the development of Space Power Generators.

INTRODUCTION

A cylindrical electromagnet, rotated on its axis, develops dc voltage between the axis and the periphery though there is no relative motion between the magnetic field in the core parallel to the axis and the iron conductor of the core. Refer to Fig. 1. Faraday had discovered^[1] this effect by rotating together a permanent magnet and copper disc integral with it. Bruce DePalma^[2] while carrying out the experiments on rotation of magnets independently discovered this phenomenon and named it “N-Effect”. Development of N-generator by DePalma, Homopolar generator by Adam Trombly^[3] and Space Power Generator (SPG) by the writer operating at “over-unity” efficiencies and in violation of the “Law of Conservation of Energy” in its existing form is based on this new system of c0-rotating assembly of magnet and disc conductor, in which the magnetic field and the conductor have zero relative motion. It gets evident that there are more basic aspects to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction that what has been so far recognised.

In Fig. 2 a conductor C is placed transverse to a magnetic field B from a magnet M. Electromotive force (emf) is generated in C if it is moved as shown in the figure. Also if C is kept at rest and M is moved, emf is generated in C. In an other case, if current is changed in a nearby conductor C, the changing magnetic flux of C will induce an emf in C. In the above cases, there is either relative motion between C and B, and B thus cuts the conductor or there is a change in the magnetic field B’ of the nearby circuit conductor C and the changing field B interacts with C to produce emf. In SPG also the magnetic field is in contact with the rotating iron core conductor and emf is produced without relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field. The common feature in all the above cases is that for the generation of emf in a conductor, interaction with the conductor of either steady magnetic field of changing magnetic field is essential.

An experiment with rotating electromagnet described below has, however, shown that emf can be induced within a rotating conductor even when it has no direct interaction with steady of changing magnetic field. With this experiment, a conclusive proof is had that the absolute vacuum (space) is the fundamental substratum of reality that can undergo magnetic induction and transmit the emf induced in it to the conductor rotating relative to it.

EXPERIMENT

Refer to Fig. 1. The magnetic circuit of a rotating electromagnet completes its path through static iron limbs on either side and the base. In the four slots cut in the cylindrical iron core, provision is made for non-magnetic stainless steel (ss) rods that are welded near the centre of the core and connected with the non-magnetic ss ring surrounding the core. The magnetic field produced by the dc current in the coil, which is integral with the core and rotates with it, does not pass through either the four slots or the rods mounted within the slots. When the assembly is rotated, the magnetic field remains fully confined to the core, air gaps on either side of the core and the base. Measurements show however that the ss ring develops the same dc voltage as the cylindrical core’s surface on its periphery, although the ss ring and the rods are neither in contact with the periphery of the core nor have magnetic field in them. Even when four thin slots are cut in the ss ring making rods independent, the same voltage is induced in the ring. It is inferred that the zone in which voltage is induced in the rods is within the slots and since the magnetic field in the core surrounding the slots is a steady field due to dc current in the electromagnet’s coil, electromagnetic induction as conventionally understood can not induce emf in the rods. The space surrounding the rods in the slots has to be a real medium that has to somehow generate emf in itself so as to transmit the same to the rods.

“STATIC” AND “DYNAMIC” SPACE SUBSTRATUM

The effect of generation of emf in the above experiment can be explained by introducing “static” and “dynamic” aspects of space substratum as discussed elsewhere in writer’s works.^[4] The interatomic space within the iron core along with the “space vortices” that constitute the atoms of the iron core, the ss ring and the rods form one system of dynamic space that rotates relative to the static space. Within the iron core, however, the rotating space is super-imposed on the stationary space, and, therefore, the magnetic field there is common to both the rotating as well as the stationary spaces. As the space of the rotating iron due to rotation shifts along with its magnetic field, it leaves behind within the slots static space with magnetic field falling to zero there. This causes induction effect in the static space of the slots. The ss rods moving through the stationary space within the slots pick up the emf induced there and are thus raised to the same potential as the periphery of the core. If the space medium within the slots around the ss rods is considered an “emptiness”, in the absence of any magnetic field there, no electro-magnetic induction is possible and hence the ss ring cannot develop emf with steady magnetic field in the core contrary to experimental evidence.

CONCLUSION

The following conclusions are drawn from the above experiment:

A rotating electromagnet carried with it during rotation the magnetic field in interatomic space of the core produced due to the coil integrally mounted on the core of the electromagnet. (As the source of the magnetic field [coil] rotates, the field also rotates with the source.)

The steady magnetic field in the iron core in its transverse motion of rotation produces emf in the neighbouring space (within the slots) due to the electromagnetic induction of space caused when the magnetic field in the core shifts relative to the stationary space substratum in the slots.

The radial flow of load current in the electromagnet’s iron core and the magnetic field in the core transverse to this current, interact within the rotating space system of the core which is independent of the external stationary space system. The resultant force between the current and the magnetic field is thus contained within the rotating space system and does not produce torque opposite to that of the prime mover that rotates the electromagnet.

REFERENCES

1. Martin, 1932, Thomas Martin (ed.). Faraday’s Diary. Bell, 1932.
2. Bruce DePalma, On the Possibility of Extraction of Electrical Energy Directly from Space.
3. Adam D. Trombly, Director of Research & Development, Zero Point Technologies Inc., PO Box 1031, Evergreen, CO 80439, USA.
4. Paramahamsa Tewari, Beyond Matter, Aligarh, India: Print Well Publications, 1984.
5. Paramahamsa Tewari, Generation of Electrical Power from Absolute Vacuum by High Speed Rotation of Conducting Magnetic Cylinder. Magnets in your Future. Vol. 1 No. 8, August 1986.
6. Paramahamsa Tewari, Violation of Conservation of Charge in Space Power Generation Phenomenon. The Journal of Borderland Research, USA, Vol. XVL, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1989.
7. Paramahamsa Tewari, Detection of Stationary and Dynamic Space Substratum. Raum & Zeit, USA. Vol. 2. No. 1, 1990.

Article by Buryl Payne — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 46, Nos. 3&4, May-August 1990)

If an object changes its motion a force is said to be acting on it. Classical physics identified 5 forces: gravitic, electric, magnetic, and two nuclear forces. An ongoing puzzle for those playing the game of physics has been to explain every observed phenomena in terms of these forces, and if possible, to even simplify or reduce the number of forces needed. So far, electric and magnetic forces have been linked but not much progress has been made in finding a unifying principle for the others.

While these forces of physics have accounted for some structural aspects of the known universe, there’s a lot left unexplained. And the entire phenomenon of life seems far beyond accounting for by the four basic forces of physics.

Table 1
THE FORCES OF THE UNIVERSE

About ten years ago a new force: a biological one, was discovered. This force appears to be present around all living organisms. It is easily measured as it is quite large and frequently manifests as a spin force or torque upon objects in the vicinity of any life form. It’s presence can be verified by anyone with simple, commonly available materials. It varies in amplitude with geomagnetic activity. Details have been published elsewhere. ^[1]

The discovery of this force led to the realization that spin forces are almost universally present around all particles from neutrons, electrons, protons, to planets, moons, stars, and galaxies. One astronomer even proposed that the whole universe spins.

In other words, if a test mass is placed in space near any body, it will experience, in addition to gravitic force, a torque which will cause it to rotate around the body in addition to falling into it. If the test object is on or near the plane of the spin force, it will go into orbit; if not, various other trajectories will occur.

If spin is brought into physics as a force in its own right, we can see some symmetry and unity between the forces of physics. Gravity and spin complement one another. Where there is mass, there are gravitic and spin forces. Where there is charge, there are electric and magnetic forces. These two pairs seem to form a natural symmetry. And magnetic forces appear to be a special case of spin forces, for the magnetic field around a current carrying wire is in the form of a circular or spin field. Spin forces, in turn, may be a special case of spiral or helical forces. Certainly spirals abound in living organisms. Torque, angular momentum, spin, or spirals as force vectors can be put into mathematical form quite easily.

When spin is assumed to be another basic force, the formation of much of the universe becomes easier to explain. Spiral galaxies, solar systems, planetary ring and satellite systems are natural outcomes of such forces.

Spin forces also bring at least one aspect of biology within the framework of physics, since spin appears to be a property of all living organisms. Weak or ill people are observed to have less spin force; whereas little children have larger spin forces.

Table 1 summarizes the forces of classical physics including the spin force. The forces are arranged in order of complexity. Gravitic forces only pull, electric forces push or pull, whereas magnetic forces operate at right angles to moving electric forces. If there were no magnetic forces, all the particles in the universe would eventually clump together after all the negative and positive electrical charges cancelled each other out. And all the non-particles (light, or radio waves, and neutrinos) would disperse in all directions. Even with the presence of magnetic forces, charged particles would eventually find their opposites and gravity would draw all matter together, but it would probably take longer.

However, if we assume the presence of spin forces, which operate on and around every particle, whether charged or not, then particles would come to have something like the distribution we see in the universe today, with organized, spinning forms and structures everywhere kept in delicate balance and harmony. ^[2]

Postulating the existence of a spin force in its own right leads to some hypotheses which could be tested by experiments such as the following:

1. The gravitational constant might be different for living objects than non- living objects. Orientation of the living objects could be a factor.
2. The force of gravity would be less on the equator than nearer the poles. This may be difficult to measure on Earth due to the centrifugal force, but night show up most clearly in the formation of space probe orbits around other planets.
3. A human floating in space should start turning with no other forces present, if left quietly alone. And small objects floating near a human should go into orbit around the human.

If spin force is a real force, then the gravitational constant may either not be constant, or may require a slight modification. This would have significant consequences for theories of the universe, perhaps accounting for missing mass and other current problems in astrophysics.

Although spin forces may help to account for some of the complex structures we observe in the universe, they fall far short of accounting for all the variability and complexity shown by living organisms. An organizing force over and above the forces of physics presumable must exist in order to account for the formation of living entities. Such a force, in order to qualify as a force in the traditional sense, must somehow move particles around, putting them in their ‘places’ to form complex structures. We simply recognize it’s existence in its own right, name it, and get on with our theories and projects.

Whatever its nature, human thought must be involved with that organizing force, for the power of thought to form structure, organizations, and artistic creations is clearly evident. By assuming the existence of an organizing force, we immediately jump physics up a level. But enough of such theoretical speculation — what about the experimental evidence?

First of all it should be noted that every thought moves millions of atoms and molecules, ions, and cations around within the body. We all exhibit the power of psychokinesis within the boundary of the skin. If a thought is novel or creative, then by definition it is not a mere function of stimulus- response or deterministic forces, it is a new structuring of atoms,. molecules, neural patters, etc. Besides all the things that bodies do to keep living, they are our ‘thought amplifiers’. That is, if we wish them to be. And some laboratory tests have shown that human thought, intention, and/or emotion can move objects outside the body without physical intervention. This is over and above the spin force shown to exist on frames suspended around the body.

Curious to see if thought force or psychokinesis would show a synergistic effect due to the intention of large numbers of people, the author initiated a larger scale experiment in 1979 to see if people could move a space station into a higher orbit. The space station, called Sky Lab, was due to crash into Earth. About one million people participated, linked and guided by radio, and there did seem to be some slight result. The space station remained in orbit longer than expected due to an unusual reduction in solar activity, which reduced the agitation of Earth’s atmosphere and thereby lowered the air drag on the space station. Participants in the experiment were asked to ask the Sun to take care of the space station. This experiment was unknowingly a pilot study for a more recent experiment, covering a 3-1/2 year period in which people meditating for world peace were asked to time synchronize mediations on 6 dates per year. This hypothesis tested whether or not humans, acting together, could alter the planetary magnetic field and the activity of the Sun. Preliminary analysis of the data suggests that they can! ^[3]

This incredible finding must enlarge our view of human nature and of the power of thought to alter the physical universe. We are required to take thought into consideration as another force, if we accept the experimental evidence, ranging from facts of how the brain-body system operates to controlled laboratory studies on psychokinesis, to the findings (still preliminary) that humans can apparently interact with the Sun. Again spin forces enter as a possible link between the older physics and life, for the spin force around the human apparently can be modified by the power of thought, or more aptly, the power of emotion.

To consider thought as a force does lead to a new model of one aspect of consciousness. In thought, we can imagine different possibilities for future actions. We can mentally construct and discard many different alternative plans, ultimately choosing one which we will amplify with our bodies; i.e., speaking, writing, and acting to make it manifest. The different possibilities which we imagine can be said to form a probability space in the strict mathematical sense of the term. Some possible actions are “far out” on the probability curve, others are mainline, highly probable actions. With our free wills we can push for one of the other possibility, even stretching to make an improbable event happen. Of course free will isn’t free. It takes effort, intention, or energy. (And it’s probably taxed as well!) We do this all the time in our daily lives when we consider and plan alternatives. In this sense, human consciousness operates in a fifth dimension, space and time comprising four, and the fifth one made up of probable universes. This is a clear and well defined (sometimes) dimension — that of probability. Most people, most of the time, follow the principle of least action, doing the most probable thing, and thus exhibit little free will. But we can do so when we want to.

In summary, based upon experimental evidence, two additional forces are postulated to exist.

1. A spin force or torque (more generally, perhaps a spiral force) present around all bodies and living organisms in particular.
2. A thought force or more generally, an organizing force present around all living organisms, especially humans.

There are probably other forces of a higher organizing type which we are so immersed within that we can’t perceive them, for if things just depended on our thought to organize them, they would be a mess! Anyway, we want to leave some of the mystery of the universe or life would be rather boring.

Footnotes

1. A Device Which Detects and Measures a Biological Force, Am. Jo. Acupuncture, Dec. 1983
2. More details on the spin force detection instruments, including building instructions, may be found in Mr. Payne’s book: “THE BODY MAGNETIC”
3. The Global Meditation Project, Interim Report, National Council on Geocosmic Research, 5 (3), 1987

Article by Paramahamsa Tewari — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 46, Nos. 3&4, May-August 1990)

Introduction

Scientific debates on the nature of space (absolute vacuum) around the start of this century took a general view that space serves to transmit fields (electromagnetic, gravitational) and, beyond that, it has no independent existence of its own as an entity that can generate energy in some form which enables it to be termed as a “real” physical entity. In other words, the generally accepted position then taken was that space is an empty extension of “nothingness” without any physical attributes in which fields are somehow transmitted at enormous speed. Many refutations to the above view both experimental and theoretical, and claims on the existence of ether, that is, space with physical attributes, could not provide an alternate theory so as to change the widely accepted position of nonphysical nature of space.

A search for the most basic and universal source of fields of matter in general, and electron in particular, has led to the formulation (by the writer) of space vortex theory (SVT) in which physical space has been postulated,1 and it has been shown that the primary function of space is to generate cosmic matter. Thus as per SVT, quite contrary to the modern view of physics, matter apart from space has no independent existence.

Basics of Space Vortex Theory (SVT)

The absolute vacuum in SVT is a non-material and mobile entity — an incompressible, non-viscous, massless and continuous medium and its dynamical field equations or laws are formulated introducing concept of velocity fields, that is, velocity of space points in a vortex of mobile space. An electron is postulated to be an irrotational vortex of space with a spherical central void of sub-microscopic radius of about ten raised to the power minus eleven centimeter, within which the space with physical attributes develops discontinuity of energy field (Fig. 1). The property of electric charge of electron and its electrostatic field can be shown to be the effect of rotation of space around the electron’s centre. The mass property of electron is seen to be arising due to the creation of a fieldless spherical void (hole) at electron’s centre where space rotates at the limiting speed of light. New equations that quantify mass and charge of electrons and enable the computation of energy for its creation and annihilation are derived. It also follows from the theory that the electron is the only fundamental particle that can build all the other stable particles of matter of the universe.

The generation of mass of electron from the mass-less medium of space is the unique feature of SVT as it does away with the normal trend of scientific convention that every conceivable entity must necessarily have mass if it has to be real, that is, if it has to possess energy. An irrotational vortex of space with maximum speed of rotation less than speed of light will possess zero mass, and yet it will have electric charge energy due to velocity fields produced by space rotation. The creation of mass is essentially creation of void at electron’s centre due to limiting speed of rotation and breakdown of space. The velocity field at a point in the neighbourhood of electron determines the electric potential there. the breakdown of space at electron’s centre gravitationally energizes the whole universe creating gravity field and gravity potential. The decrease in gravity potential at a space point due to oscillation/movement of electron/matter creates electromagnetic (light) effect at that point. When an electron is annihilated, it is the decaying gravity potential at each point in space that is seen as light.

The property of zero viscosity and mobility of space up to speed of light in combination with the central void of electron, results in inertia property of electron in its motion. The inertia property for all matter also arises due to the above effect since the electrons are the fundamental particles of all stable particles of matter.

Fundamental Equations on Electron’s Charge and Mass

Following fundamental equations derived from the void-vortex structure of the electron 1 are relevant to the computation of rotational charge energy produced due to rotation of space in the interatomic region of a rotating electromagnet as shown in Fig. 2.

Refer Fig. 1 which shows spin of space at void-space interface. At the elemental surface, tangential velocity of space is re sin , which increases to its limiting value c at the diametrical section of the interface. The basic definitions for electron’s charge, rest-mass and dielectric constant for vacuum are:

where

Hence, it follows that the dimensions of q_e are:

where

Hence, it follows that the dimensions for mass m_e are:

Dielectric onstant for vacuum Ε₀ is given by,

Dimensions for Ε₀ are:

Substituting in (1) experimentally determined value, q_e = 4.8 x 10^-10 CGSE units, and supposing the value of void radius r_e = 10^-11cm.

Generation of Space Power

As shown in Fig.1, for computation of electron’s charge at the interface, the product of speed of spinning space at the elemental surface and its area dA is taken. This indicates that for all values of VF varying from zero to c, charge is produced. Therefore rotation of cylindrical surface A of an iron core (Fig.2) of an electromagnet will create in its interatomic space rotational charge (q_r) given by similar relationship as for electronic charge. Neglecting the area occupied by atomic nuclei and orbital electrons at surface A,

Converting q_r to CGSE units, from (4) and (5),

Nos. of electrons (N_e) equivalent to q_r will be:

Energy in the electrostatic field of N_e electrons is computed as below:

Electrostatic energy (U) of a point-charge as per conventional physics is given by:

Where r, the radial distance from the charge centre, varies from zero to infinity. With void-centre of electron, the minimum value of r is taken as r_e (and not zero) since void is fieldless zone. (The present difficulty in physics of infinite quantity of energy in the field of a point-charge is avoided with void-centre structure of electron).

Substituting the value of Ε₀ from (3) in (7) and from (1) expressing q_e in terms of r_e and c,

Which from (2) becomes

Net energy produced from rotational charge from (6) and (8),

Substituting the values, q_e = 4.8 x 10^-10 CGSE units, me = 9 x 10^-28 gram, c = 3 x 10¹⁰ cm/sec in (9),

The electric charge energy developed in any rotating body due to space rotation within the body is given to (10). If the body in rotation is an electrical conductor (iron, copper) then the orbital electrons of the atoms are liberated and will move under the action of a magnetic field to form electrical polarities.^[2]

Experimental Proof

The above structure of the electron is substantiated through some recent experiments on electromagnetic induction. These experiments have brought to light a new phenomenon in which electromotive force is generated in an electrical conductor even if there is no relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field which is unlike the principle behind the operation of modern electrical generators for which relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field is a must. Further, the electrical power generation in the newly discovered phenomenon does not fully reflect in a proportionate increase of the input power, thereby giving an efficiency of more than unity, and revealing a new vital fact that absolute vacuum in the interatomic space of matter can generate electrical charge and power when it is set in a dynamic state. An experiment somewhat similar to above was done by Michael Faraday in the year 1830. He discovered the above phenomenon as regards the production of electromotive force even when the relative motion between the magnetic field and the conductor was zero. He, however, does not appear to have made measurements on the incremental power ratio from such a device. The writer first learnt of this effect from Bruce De Palma’s^[5] letters to him (1978-79), who made an exhaustive study of this effect and named it as N-effect. The experimental machines he built, he termed as N-Generators.

A series of tests on this unique phenomenon of space power generation have been carried out as outlined briefly in references [2, 3, 4]. The space power generator (SPG) shown in Fig.3 has produced efficiency of electrical power generation to more than 250%, and precise test results on other models show that higher efficiencies for output currents in kilo-amperes are possible.

Conclusion

Building of space power generators of about 100 KW size should be possible to be achieved with conventional technological methods in the near future.

In addition to the discovery, of a novel technology for power generation, the following crucial change in the scientific and philosophical outlook that would be brought about with the new phenomenon of space power generation are:

(1) The fundamental state of universal energy is eternally latent in the dynamic space of the universe.

(2) The cosmic matter is generated from the energy of space in repeated cycles of creation and annihilation.

(3) Space is not an empty extension but rather the most fundamental entity which alone gives reality to the cosmic world.

The present industrial culture demands a continually increasing growth of electrical power. Since the limited resources of thermal, hydroelectrical and nuclear power cannot last for centuries, the need that has now become vital is to discover a power source which is independent of all material resources, so that a regulated generation of power from the presently known technologies is supplemented to a good extent from this eternal source.

A technological breakthrough, which will enable generation of energy directly from space, is in the offing. Nature has, however, already achieved this conversion from space energy to matter in the generation of the cosmic matter of the universe.^[3]

References

1. Paramahamsa Tewari. Beyond Matter. Aligarh, India: Print Well Publications, 1984.
2. Paramahamsa Tewari. Generation of Electrical Power from Absolute Vacuum by High Speed Rotation of Conducting Magnetic Cylinder. Magnets in Your Future. Vol.1 No.8, August 1986.
3. Paramahamsa Tewari. Interaction of Electrons and Magnetic Field in Space Power Generation Phenomenon. Magnets in Your Future. Vol.2, No.12, December 1987.
4. Paramahamsa Tewari. Violation of Law of Conservation of Charge in Space Power Generation Phenomenon. The Journal of Borderland Research, USA __ Vol. XLV,No.5 — September-October 1989.
5. Bruce De Palma, 1187, Coast Village Road, #1-163, Santa Barbara, California 93108, USA.

Article by Jorge Resines — from Journal of Borderland Research (Vol. 45, No. 6, Nov.-December 1989)

This time I want to bring my fellow borderlanders not what I have personally found, but translations of two highly interesting articles. They come from an age where it was not possible to do computer-simulations and therefore men of science had to avail themselves of whatever method they could to investigate. Two such methods are herein described. With the first one you will be able to reproduce, on a small scale, the features of the energy grid discovered by Bruce Cathie (with only a small adaptation) and with the other you will be able to duplicate the motions of galaxies and stellar cumuli.

Some comments on the first article: Cathie discovered that our present magnetic poles are the result of TWO interacting grids that are being set-up by flying saucers in order to create a THIRD grid (the poles of which are, respectively, the North and South Magnetic Poles), in this article you will notice that only TWO spherical coils are used but in order to replicate our planetary grid FOUR must be employed.

“About the Inequalities in Distribution of Terrestrial Magnetism” by Mr. P. Idrac, Introduced by Mr. Lippmann (From “Comptes Rendus a L’Academies des Sciences de Paris”, session of December 22, 1913; pages 1488-1490.):

Yes, it is a very interesting experience that, with present-day materials, it is simpler to reproduce and to improve; however, great care must be taken in ascertaining: size of the four spherical coils; size and location of their support; using or not a variable power source (both in frequency and power); and similar features related with this construction.

My reading of the “Comptes Rendus” up to 1927 (included) has failed to disclose a continuation or improvement of the two experiences detailed in this translation; now comes the second article: “Experiment Reproducing the Spires of Spiral Nebulae” by Mr. Emile Belot, Introduced by Mr. H. Poincare (From “Comptes Rendus a L’Academies des Sciences de Paris, session of June 24, 1912, pages 1780-1782).

And I want to terminate this text by dedicating it to: Necessity, mother of Invention.

Footnotes

1. “I remind the readership that the Magnetarium is composed of two almost-spherical electrical coils, placed within a terrestrial globe, in which one has its axis parallel to that of Earth and the other is inclined 23o 30′ respect the first one; their diameter is as close as possible to a submultiple of the terrestrial globe; it is observed, when covering the surface of the seas with plates of hard cardboard, a remarkable agreement between the magnetic elements as given by a small magnetic compass placed upon the small globe and the same elements as observed in nature; we find, among others, upon the Magnetarium, the existence of a small oval area of magnetic declination at China, the point of crossing at the Atlantic, the lines of equal declination, etc.”
2. “The relative intensity of current within two coils was not disclosed by Wilde. Within the studies made with the device placed at the Conservatory of Arts and Measures, I have determined this proportion in the way of obtaining results of the most satisfactory kind. I discovered the current within the coil whose axis is directed following the direction of the terrestrial’s must be FIVE TIMES WEAKER than at the other coil directed along the magnetic axis.”
3. “This conclusion is already confirmed by the diminution that it is observed when re-covering Northern Siberia with a layer of hard cardboard; the line of null declination is then re-established partially towards its actual location; or we say that, upon this region of the globe, the geologists admit the existence of a former sea before our age.”

Review by Riley Crabb of Mark Clement’s “The Waves that Heal” and a more general overview of early BSRA experiments with the Lakhovsky Multi-Wave Oscillator — from JBR (Vol. 19, No. 9, Dec. 1963)

Bob Beck has loaned us a copy of the late Mark Clement’s brief, illustrated, 64-page review of Georges Lakhovsky’s work. This contains excellent photographs of Lakhovsky’s Multiple Wave Oscillator antenna, or transmitter, of before-and-after skin cancers apparently cured by the Oscillator, and of cancerous plants returned to normal health by Lakhovsky oscillating circuits.

Clement translated from the French Lakhovsky’s own book on his work, “The Secret of Life”. This was published in 1939 by Heinemann (Medical Books) Ltd., London, and contains a preface by Professor d’Arsonval. Then in 1949 Mark Clement wrote and published his own review of the Russian’s radical researches in the field of electronic medicine. Here are a few quotes from his Introduction.

“On the day Hitler’s mechanized hordes drove into Prague a book was published in London entitled ‘The Secret of Life’ by Georges Lakhovsky, a Russian-born engineer resident of Paris. The book had previously appeared in French, German, Italian and Spanish translations and Lakhovsky’s theories were well known on the Continent long before the English translation was published.

“The evil designs of the Nazis soon gave rise to depressing repercussions in all spheres of human activity and Lakhovsky’s remarkable work was left virtually unnoticed in this country (England) by the medical profession and the public alike. A few discerning critics, however, expressed their views with appreciative understanding. The Hospital said ‘Lakhovsky’s theories are so interesting from the point of view of future developments that it will repay any keen hospital officer to give them his close attention.’ . . . Science Forum ‘The admirable translation of Lakhovsky’s ‘The Secret of Life’ will be heartily welcomed in progressive circles. The general theory is one which physicists, biologists, and medical men cannot afford to ignore.’ . . . But these were voices in the wilderness and the field for experimental investigation was left open to a few amateurs devoid of scientific training and lacking the necessary resources. . .

“The impartial investigation of claims of cure of various diseases by unorthodox methods demands high qualities of mind and character possessed by very few men indeed. Scientific truth is no respecter of persons or of vested interests, and Lakhovsky’s spectacular results in the treatment of plants and animals and human beings were inevitably bound to antagonise orthodox practitioners and exponents of popular medical cults.

“On the Continent Lakhovsky’s work attracted a great deal of attention in scientific circles, particularly in Germany and Italy. Italian investigators were among the first to study Lakhovsky’s theories and put them to the test in laboratories and clinics. It was, of course, to be expected that the new science of Radiobiology should make a Special appeal to the intellectual heirs of Galvani, Volta and Marconi. It is somewhat depressing to observe that in the country of Faraday and Clerk Maxwell (England), Lakhovsky’s theories have not yet received the attention they deserve.

REGENERATING OSCILLATING CIRCUITS

“Lakhovsky has been criticised by physicists ignorant of biology and by biologists ignorant of physics! These self-appointed censors of knowledge soon found they were confronted with a redoubtable opponent who fully realised the value of experimental evidence. Its publication resulted in causing annoyance to the custodians of infallible doctrines who made up with carping verbiage what they lacked in clarity of vision. But Lakhovsky’s achievements with his oscillating circuits supported by astonishing photographs of regenerated tissues in plants and human beings could not be exploded by mere verbal fireworks, and as evidence accumulated the scepticism of hostile critics relapsed into morose silence.

“The indisputable fact remains that Lakhovsky was the first experimenter to make use of high frequency electro-magnetic waves in the domain of biology. Thus out of the application of radio-electricity to biology his work developed and gradually established the foundations of the new science of Radiobiology. The first international Congress of Radiobiology was held in Venice in 1934. A leading authority on electro-therapy, the late Dr. E.P. Cumberbatch, wrote: ‘Although it had been frequently observed that the short Hertzian waves could produce heat at a distance from the transmitter the first scientific investigation from a biological point of view was made by Lakhovsky and his colleagues who published a paper in 1924 on the effects of very short waves on cancer in plants.’ . .

“When France was occupied by German troops Lakhovsky, being a prominent anti-Nazi, decided to leave Paris and made his way to New York where he died in 1942 at the age of 73.

“In the United States Lakhovsky’s theories were put to the practical test with typical American speed. Noticing that patients treated with Lakhovsky’s Multiple Wave Oscillator showed signs of rejuvenated appearance, the possibility of exploiting this side-effect proved irresistible to an enterprising ‘beautician’. A film was made featuring cases after treatment with Lakhovsky’s Multiple Wave Oscillator, which proved to be both interesting and convincing.

“In New York Lakhovsky was approached by several hospitals with a view to testing his apparatus experimentally. The remarkable results obtained; . . in a large New York City hospital, and also by a prominent Brooklyn urologist are fully set out in the text.

“In this country (England), owing mainly to the inauspicious time at which Lakhovsky’s major work was published, very little interest has been shown on the part of those best qualified to judge its merits. The medical profession, whose conservatism is the most formidable barrier to progress, has been notoriously slack in investigating the new radio-electrical methods of treating disease as originated by Lakhovsky, . . ”

Mark Clement’s observation on the formidable conservatism of the medical profession in 1949 is still true today. Effective electronic diagnosis and treatment of disease is still a closed door here in America as far as the AMA is concerned. Those brave MDs who have tried to keep medical practice abreast of developments in electronic science have been discouraged, if not actually driven out of practice. Dr. Abrams is a good example, with his Oscilloclast, developed and proven effective in San Francisco about the time Lakhovsky was developing the MWO in Paris in the 1920s. Radical innovations in any line of endeavor usually thought up and proven by rank outsiders. Georges Lakhovsky was no doctor, but an electrical engineer!

Doctors, with their own pharmacies and with massive investments in drug industry, are not likely to show much interest in radical new ways for treating human ailments, especially if the new way is a threat to profitable practise; and, as long as Americans think they can buy health in a pill or a shot in the fanny, doctors will continue to treat them with poisonous drugs at top prices. This is good business.

BORDERLAND RESEARCH

But for those of us who would like to keep our bodies as uncontaminated — and as healthy — as possible, Lakhovsky’s theories offer a way out of the clutches of the medical trust. There is little likelihood that the AMA will support research in this area of electronic science for years to come. There is every probability that there will be murderous opposition to any attempt to exploit the MWO on a national scale. This means that you will have to build and test your own equipment, or make friends with some electronic technician — engineer, TV, or radio repairman — and prevail upon him to build it for you. This is the active kind of borderland research which requires that you get up out of your easy chair and get to work! If you live in an isolated spot, take a mail order course in basic radio construction. If you live near a high school that has an adult education program, sign up for the evening class in radio theory and bench work. I did at Barstow in 1958, so can you. Electronics has replaced aircraft as the basic industry here in Southern California. If you want to be a citizen of the New Age you should make some effort to keep up to date, even if the sick industry doesn’t!

What are Lakhovsky’s general theories? Mark Clement sums them up neatly in Chapter One of “The Waves That Heal”:

“The fundamental principle of Lakhovsky’s scientific system may be summed up in the axiom ‘Every living being emits radiations’. Guided by this principle Lakhovsky was able to explain such diverse phenomena as instinct in animals, migration in birds, health, disease, and, in general, all the manifestations of organic life. (Here follows the drawing of a living cell shown on page 6 of the November journal).

“According to Lakhovsky the nucleus of a living cell may be compared to an electrical oscillating circuit. This nucleus consists of tubular filaments and chromosomes made up of insulating material and filled with a conducting fluid containing all the mineral salts found in sea water. These filaments constitute minute oscillating circuits endowed with capacity and inductance and capable of oscillating according to a specific frequency. They are comparable to the circuits, coils and windings of radio-receivers.”

I believe Clement’s comparison of a body cell with a radio-receiver is only half-true. The cell can also be compared with a radio transmitter when it is releasing energy. We are both radio-receptive and radio-active! Lakhovsky’s theory should be acceptable to any occult scientist. The push-pull idea, the positive and the negative, the Law of Opposites, is basic to all forms and to all life at this level of existence. By inductance Clement means that radio-electricity can be induced or put into every cell of your body. By capacity he means that each body cell can hold a charge of radio-electricity, just as the battery of your car can carry a charge of electricity. In the case of your car battery the charge is put in through wire or battery cables. In the case of your body, the charge is put in through invisible but very real radio waves. These can travel unimpeded through any solid object!

“The living cell can thus play the part of a transmitter or receiver of exceedingly short radio-electric waves which give rise to high frequency currents in the circuits of the cellular nucleus. Now the vibration of an oscillating circuit is maintained by radiated energy. But where does it come from?”

If the terminology of electronics is unfamiliar to you, let’s take an example out of your daily life, if you own and use a television set. Right now N3G’s television transmitter is oscillating (broadcasting)on top of Mt. Wilson, 6000 feet above Los Angeles and a hundred miles away from headquarters here in Vista. These “exceedingly short radio-electric waves” are bombarding this typewriter and my body, but they are so weak they don’t effect me very much. Though undoubtedly some of my body cells are reacting feebly to the N3C frequency which we call Channel 4 here. Nor do my body cells tell me the quality of the radiated NBC energy, fortunately; to discover this I turn our TV set on. As the current surges through the “circuits, coils, windings” and tubes, sound and picture tell me what is being transmitted. Now my TV set is oscillating in tune with NBC’s oscillator. The transmitter and receiver are in balance and the program comes in fine. With this picture clearly in mind now let us turn to the cells of our bodies as receivers, and Clement’s interpretation of the Lakhovsky theory.

COSMIC RAYS

“Scientists have established the existence of highly penetrating waves to which, by reason of their universality, they have given the name of cosmic rays. These rays, generated by the interference of astral radiations, are capable of traversing dense metals and soils to a great depth. Lakhovsky has demonstrated that cellular oscillation of living organisms is maintained by cosmic radiation. According to him, disease may be said to result from oscillatory dis-equilibrium due to either a deficiency or an excess of cellular radiation. An important factor in this connection is the nature of the soil. A reinforcement of cosmic rays takes place on soils which are good conductors of electricity such as clay, ferruginous and carboniferous soils.

RESONATE IN HARMONY WITH THE UNIVERSE

“To avoid the harmful effects of loss of oscillatory equilibrium it is necessary to ensure the regularisation of the cosmic field round the living organism by filtration. Lakhovsky’s own explanation of the problem of filtration is as follows: ‘The terrestrial atmosphere is known to be impregnated by a vast range of electro-magnetic oscillations of all wave lengths and intensities as a result of unceasing electrical discharges (thunder, etc.). Besides that we know that electric motors and other electrical machines create in the atmosphere a field of auxiliary waves. Moreover, during the past 25 years the earth has been flooded with radio-telegraphic, radio-telephonic and other waves. Under such conditions it is easy to understand why any oscillating circuit of any form or dimensions is likely to find in this vast field of waves its own resonance with which it can vibrate harmoniously. It is therefore obvious that to make any oscillating circuit oscillate there is no need to have recourse to a local generator such as the Radio-oscillator used by Lakhovsky in 1924 when he first treated and cured geraniums inoculated with cancer. The oscillating circuit utilised by Lakhovsky in his second series of experiments — a circuit having no artificial source of excitation — proved equally effective in curing geraniums rendered cancerous by inoculation.”

Yes, in 1924 Lakhovsky “graduated” from electronics to radionics! He discovered and proved to his own satisfaction that in some ways a simple, one-turn coil of wire or fibre was as effective as the electric powered Multiple Wave Oscillator. The simple Oscillating Circuit, as Lakhovsky called it, has two advantages over the MWO. It doesn’t have to be plugged in to a battery or 110 volt home power supply, and it broadcasts no interference with radio and TV sets.

Clement says that “it must be particularly stressed that only Circuits made in strict accordance with Lakhovsky’s directions should be used, otherwise the results will prove to be entirely negative.”

To get back to Clement’s text in Chapter One: “Through the action of this constant field of radio-electric waves which emanates from the surrounding atmosphere the oscillating circuit is made to resonate like an instrument in tune with certain sounds. Thus the Oscillating Circuit creates a local field which calanises and filters, so to speak, the cosmic waves necessary for cellular oscillation.

THE DANGER OF BURNING K-RAYS

“Furthermore, this filtration is a general phenomenon. It has been discovered, through the investigations of Lakhovsky, that radiations such as those associated with light, ultra-violet rays, X-rays, etc., have the property of making cosmic rays act, as it were, to the advantage or disadvantage of the cells. New the field created by an oscillating circuit is constant and emits a steady and sustained force. It invariably acts in a favourable manner on the oscillation of the body cells, facilitating by the filtration of cosmic rays, regular cellular division, a fact which explains the immunity imparted to the cells and their consequent capacity of resistance to diseases and microbes.”

It is highly significant that about the only rays and ray machines approved for general use by the American Medical Association are the destructive ones of X-rays and atomic radiation for the mis-treatment of cancer.

“Since Lakhovsky’s oscillating circuits were first used for the treatment of cancerous geraniums, an experiment fully described in communications to the French Academy of Science, the same method has been successfully applied in Continental hospitals and nursing homes.”

Photos of the successful treatment of cancerous geranium plants are included in Clement’s book, along with the pictures of the disappearing skin cancers in human beings. So Clement describes the two major features of Lakhovsky’s work in this first chapter, the simple, one-coil Oscillating Circuit powered by cosmic rays, and the electric-powered Multiple Wave Oscillator. There are photos of the Multiple Wave Oscillator, showing clearly the unique, circular antennas. These were made of metal tubing, separated and suspended with silk thread. The simpler, aluminum-foil printed circuit in Bob Beck’s adaptation is apparently just as effective.

THE OSCILLATING CIRCUIT

“The diagram on this page shows where the oscillating circuits should be worn, i.e. round the neck, waist, and above the elbows and knees the effect is intensified if more than one circuit is worn. Generally speaking, the neck and waist are the favoured sites and likely to bring about the best results.

“In the light of Lakhovsky’s theories the fight between the living organism and microbes fundamentally a ‘war of radiations’. If the radiations of the microbe win the cell ceases to oscillate and death is the ultimate results. If, on the other hand, radiations of the cell gain the ascendant the microbe is killed and health is preserved.

THE SECRET OF LIFE (AT THE FORM LEVEL)

“Broadly speaking, health is equivalent to oscillatory equilibrium of living cells whereas disease is characterised by oscillatory dis-equilibrium. This general principle has given rise to a vast number of experiments covering the whole field of biology. Plants, animals and human beings have been successfully treated by the application of Lakhovsky’s oscillating circuits and the reader is referred to his major work ‘The Secret of Life’ for a full discussion of this important subject.”

Those of you who have been studying the Kabala with Mrs. Crabb and me must have been struck immediately by the metaphysical soundness of Lakhovsky’s basic theory expressed above. One wonders if this Russian escapee from Communism, and from Nazism, wasn’t indeed a student of the Western Mystery Tradition, perhaps even an Initiate! The Tree of Life is the ground-plan of our Tradition. On the Tree we show the descent and the ascent of power, oscillating back and forth from left to right and right to left across the Middle Pillar, or balance point.

“During recent years observations on the part of several investigators have established the fact that most animals, including insects and birds, emit radiations while they are also sensitive to the influence of external electro-magnetic waves. These radiations emitted by all living beings cover an indefinite range (infinite range?) and are characterized by a multitude of different wave lengths. In the immense range of existing radiations we can only perceive the luminous octave (visible light) but we know that whole gamuts of radiations exist beyond the narrow limits of the visible spectrum. The limitations of our senses prevent us from perceiving radiations of living beings and this sensory incapacity also excludes from the field of direct awareness the vast gamut of electro-magnetic waves traversing our atmosphere. Yet all these radiations and waves exist and affect all forms of organic life in various ways.”

DR. RAUL ARAUJO’S REPORT

In Chapter Two Mark Clement gives “Medical Reports on Lakhovsky’s Oscillating Circuits”. We’ll give only one, but Dr. Araujo, Physician at the Prophylactic Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay. “In 1929, Dr. Araujo was suffering from a long-standing infection of the larynx which his eminent colleagues had failed to cure. While in Paris he met Lakhovsky who advised him to wear one of his oscillating circuits in the form of a collar. Although feeling rather sceptical about this unorthodox method of treatment Dr. Araujo wore the oscillating circuit for several months with the result that he fully recovered and has had no relapse since. This personal experience led him to treat his own patients with Lakhovsky°s oscillating circuits. Having treated over 300 patients suffering from a wide variety of diseases Dr. Araujo succeeded in curing or greatly improving cases of rheumatism, asthma, anaemia, neuralgia, gastric ulcer, colitis, glandular disturbances, sterility, genito-urinary affections, general weakness and even cancer. . . Dr. Araujo observed that in cases in which Lakhovsky’s oscillating circuits appeared to give no definite results there was invariably a latent infection which required special treatment such as syphilis, cholecystitis, sinusitis, pyelitis, dental sepsis, etc. . . A full account of Dr. Araujo’s Report appeared in a monograph entitled ‘Cosmic Rays and Oscillating Circuits’ by Dr. P. Rigaux. Paris, 1932.”

CHAPTER THREE, THE MULTIPLE WAVE OSCILLATOR

Most of this has been Well explained by Bob Beck in his article in the November journal, though we might quote again in Clement’s own words: “After many experiments Lakhovsky succeeded in constructing an apparatus generating an electrostatic field in which all frequencies from 3 metres to the infra-red region could be produced. Hence in this field every cell could find its own frequency and vibrate in resonance. . . Thus a type of oscillator was obtained giving all fundamental wave lengths from 10 cms. to 400 metres, corresponding to frequencies of 750,000 to 3 milliards per second. . .

“Since 1931 the Multiple Wave Oscillator has been used in most European countries and in America for the treatment of many diseases including cancer. No contra-indications for the use of the apparatus nor any harmful effects on patients have ever been reported. This is in striking contrast with short-wave therapy in general, X-rays and radium whose application in the hands of experts has not infrequently been followed by the most serious consequences. . . ”

Then follow several pages of photos of before-and-after cancer cures and medical reports from doctors. This one is typical, from Dr. Nicholas Gentile, Chief Radiologist of the Clinic for Incurables of the Apostolic Ladies of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Rome, published in the medical review “Medicina Nuova” XXVI, N.5., 1935, Rome: “I. Effects On The Nervous System. Generally speaking I have observed a marked analgesic action following the application of the Multiple Wave Oscillator in all affections associated with pain, particularly in the classical cases typical of such affections. For example, a patient suffering from cephalalgia, resulting from violent cranial trauma, for a duration of 10 years, was subjected to a great variety of treatments, but all in vain. This patient was definitely cured after 2 months* treatment with the MWO. Improvement was manifest after only 3 applications.”

Dr. Gentile also reported the effects of the MWO on the Central Nervous System, on Chronic Inflammations, on Metabolism, on Disorders of the Cardio-Vascular System, and on miscellaneous cases. He says he adopted the “technique of localized irradiation. Generally speaking, treatment is given every 4 days for a duration of 5-15 minutes per session. This is the technique which has given me the best results after having experimented with many other forms of application. For children, old people and debilitated women, a relatively weaker application is indicated. If results are not apparent after 7 or 8 applications, I continue until l5-30 applications are given at the rate of a single treatment once a week. I have never observed any ill-effects from the MWO treatment, whatever the number of applications was in any given case. Moreover, the general condition of patients is always improved, even if only temporarily, so much so that the patients themselves sometimes insist on having further treatments. . . ”

This chapter on the MWO concludes with four pages of reports of notable improvement or cure by American doctors. Chapter Five is concerned with the remarkable results obtained by using the Multiple Wave Oscillator on animals. Chapter Six contains Lakhovsky prophecy that some time in the future diagnosis of disease would be obtained by television! This is something which Dr. Drown’s Radio-Vision instrument and radionics instruments have already accomplished.

THE NOVEMBER CONVENTION TESTING PROGRAM

There were two Multiple Wave Oscillators available. These were generously furnished by Bob Beck and Ed Skilling, and were set up in the shielded seance room. Only short exposures of from 2 to 5 minutes were given, during the lunch and dinner hours on Saturday and Sunday. In that time perhaps a 100 people volunteered for tests. Until a follow up inquiry is made, no statistical conclusion can be made, or even begun! A few individual cases reported to your Director are worth of note including my own. By mid-morning on Saturday a spinal injury from my old, hockey-playing days was acting up. Doctors have called it a spasm in the sacro-iliac area. Ed Skilling invited me to sit in the rays from the MWO for a couple of minutes while the seance room was being readied for the testing. Within a minute the spasm relaxed completely and the pain was gone. This was not a permanent change, of course, but the analgesic effect was certainly noticeable.

Mrs. Fred Rannenberg, financial secretary of Harmony Grove and a BSRAssociate, told me she had had a sharp pain in the area of her left hip for ever two weeks at the time of the Convention. One 3-minute exposure to the rays of the MWO removed this completely. When I attended the Grove Board meeting a week later she said the pain had still not returned.

One Associate did report a negative reaction to the MWO. She attributed it to arsenic poisoning. She had had a severe case of this earlier in the year. When the machine was turned on she felt a severe pain through her right side, as though someone had jabbed a knife into her. It could be that some of the lead poison was still in her system and the stirring of the cells in the mid-section produced this reaction. It was endurable, however, and she sat out the exposure without a murmur. The pain persisted that night and she had to put cold compresses on her side to get to sleep. The next morning she felt fine and was eager to take another exposure to the multiple waves. This time there was no negative reaction.

The most startling subject of all was the woman who had been awake all Saturday night with a migraine headache, an old and recurring ailment. By Sunday morning, Nov. 10th, she was sick and nauseated. It was suggested that before taking her to a doctor or hospital she be given a short exposure to MWO rays. Within minutes all pain was gone and she returned to her cottage to lay down and sleep like a baby.

THE PSYCHEDELIC EFFECT

Ed Skilling is the only one we know of who has stayed in the MWO field or rays for longer than 15 minutes. While testing and adjusting his equipment at his microphone factory several weeks ago he deliberately stayed between the antennas for an hour! At the end of that time he was beginning to feel so light-headed and dreamy he thought it a good idea to get out before losing consciousness altogether.

An even more spectacular possibility is the Time-Machine effect in connection with rejuvenation. If, as Bob Beck suggested in his article, the MWO tends to take the body cell back down the time-track to a more youthful, more vital period, what would happen to a person who stayed in the field of the machine for four hours? Would his vibratory rate be speeded up to where he would disappear completely? Like the hero of H.G. Wells’ “Time Machine”? Anybody want to try it? It seems, from hints George Van Tassel has been dropping over the years, that his Integratron at Giant Rock, California might do something like this — if and when he gets it working! As I recall, both George and the Canadian Saucerian, the late W.B. Smith, spoke of the four dimensions of electricity: 1. is the electricity moving in one direction along a copper wire, 2. is the magnetic field around the wire, 3. is the static charge created by the first two effects, and 4. is Time — or the “tempic field” as Smith called it. The Time Field equates with Space, where consciousness is everywhere present. Seems to me Lakhovsky’s Multiple Wave Oscillator is a gadget which gives us the opportunity — for the first time — of approaching the Time Field with scientifically acceptable equipment, operating in known frequencies. Remember, that with its circular antennas it operates on the vortex principle. Each individual antenna in the group is a segment of a 60 degree cone. The 1/2 in. gaps, at alternate l80 degrees from each other, conform to the alternating principle and give a damped or pulsed wave.

THE SPACE AGE EFFECT

Copies of our November journal have gone all over the world. Each day’s mail brings new orders. We are confident that Lakhovsky’s invention, far ahead of its time in the 1920s and 30s, has been given a new lease on life and will be pushed to its ultimate development on every continent. There will be vigorous opposition from the right-wing conservatives and reactionaries. Their resistance will furnish the platform from which electronic “medicine” will eventually sweep the world. I see the day when a device, similar to the MWO, will be a standard part of every home bathroom or cleansing center. You will consider it as necessary and as routine to take an electronic showerbath, as as to take a water bath. Home from work, tired, dirty and discouraged, you strip, flip on the MWO switch, and while shaving, doing your hair or whatever, re-balance your whole system with a two or three minutes exposure to the pulsing waves from the oscillator as they flood the whole room. For the sale of the house of the future it will be as important for the ad to say “shielded bath with MWO” as it will to say “tile bath with radiant heat”.

Mr. Skilling told me he was tired and “dragged out” after processing dozens of volunteer “guinea pigs” late Saturday afternoon. Before shutting down the equipment he sat in the nail-less wooden chair between the antennas and gave himself a three-minute shot of pulsed waves. Refreshed and revived he looked forward to a good dinner and the full evening program.

I don’t know of a better Christmas gift we could have given the Associates than the idea and the plans for the Lakhovsky MWO, researched and so generously offered us by Bob Beck in the true borderland science tradition. Now it is up to you to carry it forward in your own individual way. We welcome your comments, observations and research data as you develop equipment and a testing program.

In addition to copies of Mark Clement’s “The Waves that Heal” and Georges Lakhovksy’s translated “The Secret of Life”, we offer a collation of MWO material in the “Lakhovsky MWO Handbook”:

“Chock full of schematics, diagrams, research notes, patents, pictures, ideas and suggestions for advancement and refinement of the art, this is the only source which contains the many diverse opinions as to the actual construction details of Lakhovsky’s original MWOs, and this new edition contains many new and updated circuit diagrams as well as new pictures taken at Lakhovsky’s home in Paris! You may have heard of different types of devices — this book shows you how to build them all, with reports from researchers who have. From simple experiments with copper coils stimulating the growth of plants to different types of electrical circuits and antenna patterns used in cellular regeneration research, this is THE MWO BOOK for experimenters and researchers.”

Available now through the Borderland Sciences Research Catalog.